Despite the challenging conditions in the pre-Saharan areas of Algeria, such as weak plant cover and a harsh climate, beekeeping is being developed and spread. In the present work, honey samples collected from ten locations in the El Oued region were examined during the spring of 2021. A melissopalynological analysis was carried out, followed by a floristic investigation. The 10 honey samples were also investigated for their physicochemical properties and antioxidant and antibacterial activity against five strains: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilus, Listeria innocua, and Micrococcus luteus. The floristic analysis found 65 species belonging to 33 botanical families, with a dominance of the Asteraceae family accounting for 18.461% of the total. The melissopalynological study revealed only one monofloral honey (Ziziphus lotus), whereas the nine others were multi-floral. The honey’s color changed from light to dark amber, and most tested honey was of high quality, fulfilling international criteria. The total phenol and flavonoid contents varied considerably amongst the various honey samples. Furthermore, LC-MS-MS phenolic profile analysis identified the presence of 20 chemicals, of which only three phenols were found in all honey types. Antioxidant capacity analyzed with FRAP test and antiradical activities against DPPH differed from one honey sample to another. Moreover, a significant correlation was recorded between the antioxidant activity, honey’s color, polyphenol, and flavonoid contents. The S. aureus strain was the most sensitive regarding honey antibacterial activity, while M. luteus and B. subtilis strains were only moderately sensitive.

Carbamate pesticides are a risk to human well-being, and pirimicarb is the most widely employed carbamate insecticide. This ongoing investigation aimed to reveal its toxicity on neurobehavioral and reproductive function. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats by assessment of behavioral changes via experiments, such as the forced swim test and the elevated plus maze; determination of oxidative stress (checking parameters such as catalase activity, etc.); measurement of cortisol and testosterone serum titers, and IL-1β levels in the plasma and brain; and evaluation of histopathological lesions that induced pirimicarb after 28 days of gavage, specifically in the brain and testis. Traces of pirimicarb were analyzed in tissue extracts using LCMS/MS. At the same time, the beneficial and protective effect of EamCE (Ephedra alata monjauzeana Crude Extract) were tested. The outcomes showed considerable anxiety and depressive status, with an evident increase in cortisol and IL-1β titers and an important decrease in oxidative enzymes and testosterone. Significant histological lesions were also recorded. In addition, the LCMS/MS analysis affirmed the accumulation of pirimicarb in organ tissue from rats force-fed with pirimicarb. Conversely, EamCE demonstrated outstanding potential as a preventive treatment, restoring cognitive and physical performance, boosting fertility, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and preserving tissue integrity. We concluded that pirimicarb has critical deleterious impacts on health, affecting the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, and EamCE has a general euphoric and preventive effect.

The experiment was conducted on alfalfa seeds that were brought from Marjajah in the city of Touggourt. After the traditional extraction process, some of its physical properties were measured, including, refractive index, pH, with a yellowish green color, odor, prick, and transport value of 363 cm/S and on blood clotting. The results showed that the seed extract of alfalfa has an effect on blood clotting on the internal and external pathway by the prothrombin rate (TP) obtained that sample 1 has the largest clotting time of 22 seconds and by the time of cefalin kaolin (TCK), the highest coagulation time for sample 2 by 46 seconds. The prothrombin rate and the time of cefalin kaolin chronometer tests also show that alfalfa seed extract exercises an important anticoagulant activity compared to the two coagulation methods, because this activity is more pronounced towards the internal pathway that the external pathway passes, that is, the alfalfa seed extract is better than the normal witness and less than the positive witness heparin.

Background: In recent years, medicinal plants have received considerable attention due to the search for novel bioactive compounds. In this optic, we have been interested in Artemisia judaica subsp. Sahariensis, a Saharan species widely used in phytotherapy by the Tuaregs of the Ahaggar. Objective: This study aims to evaluate and optimize the biological activities of this plant in order to valorize its bioactive compounds. Methods: For this purpose, an extraction with methanol (70%) was carried out, then a liquid-liquid fractionation, using solvents with increasing polarity: diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. We realized an analysis of phenols, flavonoids and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to the UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of the fractions. Results: The reducing effect was proportional to the solvent polarity. The crude extract gave the best reducing power (17.55±3.06µg/mL), better phenols and flavonoids contents (20.35±0.5 mgGAE/gTDM), (10.35±0.56 mgGAE/gTDM) respectively compared to its fractions. The DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay showed that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active with the lowest IC50 value (inhibitory concentration to 50% of DPPH) (41.43±0.24 µg/ml) followed by n-butanol (58.53±0.20 µg/mL), diethyl ether (135.07±6.18 µg/mL) and aqueous (226.41±1.51 µg/mL) fractions (p<0.0001). Moreover, hydromethanolic extract gave an IC50 value of 114.05±3.37 µg/mL. The antimicrobial effect was observed on all clinical multi-resistant bacteria tested except Klebsiella pneumoniae, which was resistant. The most important effect was observed by the ethyl acetate fraction against the fungal strain Candida albicans. Various phenolic acids and flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, flavanones) were detected and could be responsible for these bioactivities. Conclusion: We can conclude that liquid-liquid extraction with solvents of increasing polarity plays a major role in optimizing the biological activity of this plant, which contains polyphenols and can therefore be valued as a source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials.

Bioethanol is the only liquid fuel for gasoline engines that is renewable and immediately available since it is produced from vegetable raw material, also called biomass. Hence the name bioethanol refers originally to living plant, not to fossil fuel. It is produced by the transformation of biomass sugars by yeast which is responsible for the fermentation of production alcohol. The objective sought through this study is valuation of biomass that is possibly made for any product with low market value obtaining bioethanol which constitutes a product of high added value, for example the bio valuation of dates of poor quality called " Degla Bayda ". Physicochemical analyzes were carried out from the dates mill and during its alcoholic fermentation. Identification and purity verification analyze were undertaken for bioethanol. The results obtained show that fermentation conditions obtained that gave the optimum bioethanol yield was chosen of 36.25% at temperature 32°C, pH 5.0, yeast ratio 1g and fermentation time of 48 hours and the quality of our product is conformed with international standards.