An analytical multiresidue method for the simultaneous determination of various classes of pesticides in vegetables (tomato, pepper, hot pepper and potato) was developed. Vegetable samples are extracted with acetonitrile.
Final determination was made by gas chromatography with µ-Electron Capture Detection(µ-ECD) for organochloride pesticides. Organophosphorus, pyrithrinoids and other pesticides analysis was carried out by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. The identification of compounds was based on retention time and on comparison of the primary and secondary ions. Recovery studies were performed at various fortification levels of each compound and the recoveries obtained ranged from 70% to 127 % with relative standard deviations lower than 8%. The method showed good linearity over the range studied and the detection and quantification limits for the pesticides studied varied from 0.015 to 0.030 µg.g-1and 0.05 to 0.1 µg.g-1, respectively. The proposed method was used to determine pesticides levels in peppers, hot pepper and tomatoes grown in multichapelle greenhouses at Biskra region and potato grown at Setif region in Algeria.
Bioethanol is the only liquid fuel for gasoline engines that is renewable and immediately available since it is produced from vegetable raw material, also called biomass. Hence the name bioethanol refers originally to living plant, not to fossil fuel. It is produced by the transformation of biomass sugars by yeast which is responsible for the fermentation of production alcohol. The objective sought through this study is valuation of biomass that is possibly made for any product with low market value obtaining bioethanol which constitutes a product of high added value, for example the bio valuation of dates of poor quality called " Degla Bayda ". Physicochemical analyzes were carried out from the dates mill and during its alcoholic fermentation. Identification and purity verification analyze were undertaken for bioethanol. The results obtained show that fermentation conditions obtained that gave the optimum bioethanol yield was chosen of 36.25% at temperature 32°C, pH 5.0, yeast ratio 1g and fermentation time of 48 hours and the quality of our product is conformed with international standards.
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