This study aims to investigate the physical, chemical, rheological and sensorial properties\ud of six common mango (Mangifera indica) cultivars in Egypt. These common cultivars were Alfonse,\ud Sedeka, Awis, Sinara, Sukari and Zibdia. Weights of mango fruits ranged between 246.6 and\ud 549.2 g. The highest significant value of sphericity was in Alfonse fruits (0.82), whereas the lowest\ud value was 0.58 in Sinara fruits. The highest firmness value was 29.51 N in Sedeka fruits. The highest\ud elasticity was 1.16 N/mm for Sukari fruits. The significantly color intensity chroma was recorded by\ud Sinara, whereas the highest total color index (DE) was 88.41 for Sedeka mango cultivar. The significantly\ud lowest pH value was 3.6 for Sinara mango fruits. Awis mango fruits had the significantly\ud highest TSS value (23.67 brix) whereas Sinara fruits had the lowest TSS value (11.33 brix). Rheological\ud properties of Sinara, Zibdia and Sedeka mango pulps are characterized by high values of\ud consistency coeffecient 126.5–156.6 dyne s n /cm2. Sesonsorially, the significantly sweetest fruits were\ud Sinara, Alfones and Awis whereas the lowest one was Zibdia. There is no bitter taste with all tested\ud mango cultivars either with taste or after taste criteria
Energy is regarded as one of the most crucial resources in the industrial process. Numerous measurements were made in the year 2021 in the workshops of the Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt, using a gasoline engine (single cylinder with air-cooling) that was used to power an irrigation pump with a discharge diameter of 2 inches, which was manufactured in Egypt. To combine natural gas and air before entering the engine, a variety of mixers were created. Four different types of mixers were employed with iron pipes of various sizes: 90° angle T-mixer (T90), 45° angle T-mixer (T45), 30° angle T-mixer (T30), and venture mixer (VM). The engine shift speeds were set at 1,750, 2,300, 2,900, and 3,500 rpm. The water pump was powered by natural gas and gasoline. The findings in this study focused on the evaluation of technical indicators for several types of mixers that combine natural gas and air to power an irrigation pump, where the actual power (braking power) is superior to all types while operating with gasoline (3.07 kW). A commensurability on every side the report of on the up steam, in the mixer type (T45) (2.83 kW) was 7.8% about than gasoline. The lowest specific fuel consumption (S.fc) for gasoline was 219.025 gm/Kw.h at an engine speed of 2,900 rpm. The T45 mixer had the lowest S.fc of 234.612 gm/KW.h, compared with other types of mixers at an engine speed of 2,900 rpm, an increase of 6.6% compared with gasoline. The T45 mixer had the highest pump discharge of 528.133 L/min, an increase of 2.1% compared with gasoline. Compared with other types of T-mixers, the T45 mixer had the highest actual hydraulic power of 0.6 kW, which was 10.5% lower than that of gasoline. As for the economic indicators, the T90 mixer had the lowest net present value (NPV) of 77219.5, and the T45 mixer had the highest NPV of 106900.7. The mixer-type VM had the lowest benefit–cost ratio (B/C) of 1.38, and the T45mixer had the highest B/C of 1.54.
This paper presents the experimental for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump to save energy, many of measurements were carried 2021 year in workshops of Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt. Used engine single-cylinder, air-cooled. A new pump with a discharge diameter of 2 inches, which was an Egyptian manufacture. Several types of mixers were manufactured to mix natural gas with air before entering the engine. Using iron pipes of different diameters, three types of mixers were used Mixer with a perforated inner tube of 8, 10. 12cm (L8, L10, L12) . selected determine the four shaft speeds (1750, 2300, 2900 and 3500 rpm) using the engine speed measuring device. The results here dealt with study the analysis of technical indicators for the types of mixers used in mixing natural gas with air to operate the irrigation pump. where the actual power (Braking power) is superior to all types when operating with gasoline was (3.07 kW) A comparison with the use of natural gas, where the mixer type (L10) (2.69 kW) was 10% less than gasoline.
The study was conducted on a knapsack sprayer powered by a DC motor through a 12 V lead acid battery charged from a solar panel (photovoltaic) directed to sun rays. The system was installed and tested in the western desert on a small-scale farm at Frafra Oasis (New valley). This study aimed to evaluate and develop a knapsack sprayer powered by a solar energy for overcoming operator fatigue and shortage of traditional energy in Egypt's western desert. The experiments were conducted during the period which starts in August 2019 till February 2020. The main parts of the system consist of photovoltaic (PV) or solar cells, charger controller, rechargeable battery, and DC motor speed control with dimmer and pump which was attached with a tank 20 liters capacity for sucking and pressurizing the liquid to the boom of the sprayer through a flexible hose. The main results of experiments were as follows: The time for recharging the battery completely was found 330 minutes (5.5 hours) to charge completely from 10.55 V -13.85 V, with current intensity 1.67 Ampere. The battery discharge time was varied due to drop the battery voltage from 13.85 -10.55 Volts. Depending on the motor speed, which is the time for discharging the battery was found 4 -9 hours, when motor pulled 0.85 -1.85 Amps at 2000 -3400 rpm and this time at deferent speed is enough to spray area 3 -6.82 fed/day "day work = 6 hours" with application rate 67 -104.7 l/fed. The number of droplets and the area coverage percentage ranges from 30 -146.33 drops and 13.96 -27.97% for one cm 2 of simulator targets at a speed ranging from 2000 -3400 rpm, respectively.
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