Energy is regarded as one of the most crucial resources in the industrial process. Numerous measurements were made in the year 2021 in the workshops of the Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Egypt, using a gasoline engine (single cylinder with air-cooling) that was used to power an irrigation pump with a discharge diameter of 2 inches, which was manufactured in Egypt. To combine natural gas and air before entering the engine, a variety of mixers were created. Four different types of mixers were employed with iron pipes of various sizes: 90° angle T-mixer (T90), 45° angle T-mixer (T45), 30° angle T-mixer (T30), and venture mixer (VM). The engine shift speeds were set at 1,750, 2,300, 2,900, and 3,500 rpm. The water pump was powered by natural gas and gasoline. The findings in this study focused on the evaluation of technical indicators for several types of mixers that combine natural gas and air to power an irrigation pump, where the actual power (braking power) is superior to all types while operating with gasoline (3.07 kW). A commensurability on every side the report of on the up steam, in the mixer type (T45) (2.83 kW) was 7.8% about than gasoline. The lowest specific fuel consumption (S.fc) for gasoline was 219.025 gm/Kw.h at an engine speed of 2,900 rpm. The T45 mixer had the lowest S.fc of 234.612 gm/KW.h, compared with other types of mixers at an engine speed of 2,900 rpm, an increase of 6.6% compared with gasoline. The T45 mixer had the highest pump discharge of 528.133 L/min, an increase of 2.1% compared with gasoline. Compared with other types of T-mixers, the T45 mixer had the highest actual hydraulic power of 0.6 kW, which was 10.5% lower than that of gasoline. As for the economic indicators, the T90 mixer had the lowest net present value (NPV) of 77219.5, and the T45 mixer had the highest NPV of 106900.7. The mixer-type VM had the lowest benefit–cost ratio (B/C) of 1.38, and the T45mixer had the highest B/C of 1.54.
the state seeks to open new horizons and new opportunities to work in many activities to absorb and reduce unemployment rates, the carpet and kilim industry activity is considered one of the important activities in Matrouh Governorate, which is on the verge of extinction, which indicates the importance of conducting a feasibility study for this Craft starting from Spinning wool and ending with the kilim and carpet industry stages for this sector to learn about the possibility of maximizing the benefit from the added value of one of the secondary agricultural products of sheep breeders, which is the wool that characterizes the desert environment, in order to benefit from it in the kilim and handmade carpet industry sector, as the project is one of the mediumcost projects that do not It needs expensive machines or raw materials, as it depends mainly on the skill and manual effort of the workers. Where the project is based on the production of kilims and carpets. The project site area is about 500 meters, the facilities area is 100 meters for administrative units, 200 meters for a wool spinning factory, and 200 meters for a workshop for making kilims and carpets. In a total year for the assay costs of the wool spinning unit, it amounted to about 175.7 thousand pounds / year, and in a total year the costs of assaying the production of the kilim workshop amounted to about 214.36 thousand pounds / annually, and the total year for the costs of assaying the production of the carpet workshop amounted to about 263.19 thousand pounds /annually, and the total investment costs reached to About (1880) thousand pounds / annually, total working capital costs (525.35) thousand pounds, total fixed costs (2909.94) thousand pounds/annually, total depreciation costs reached to (679.03) thousand pounds /annually for the kilim and carpet production project, total variable costs (6081.31) thousand pounds/annually, with a total cost of up to (10872) thousand pounds/annually for the project of the unit for spinning wool, making kilims and carpets, as it was found from the results that all the financial indicators were positive, which requires continuing to invest in the project, as it is expected that the project will generate income Returning at a rate of 42.14% compared to the prevailing average interest rate of about 13%, and the project will be able to cover the invested capital within only 2.37 years, within 10 years as a project life.
The research aimed to identify the current and future status of the economics of the local bean crop in order to reduce the gap between production and consumption by studying the production, consumption, export and import conditions. The study used the quantitative method represented in estimating the general time trends of the variables under study, and used the simulated model using the Stata program and used it to predict the behavior of the study variables.The results of the study, using general time trends, showed that the area takes a decreasing trend estimated at about 12.06 thousand feddans, which represents 7.2%, and the production takes a decreasing trend estimated at about 15.80 thousand tons, which represents about 6.9%. The analysis also showed that the food gap takes an increasing trend, and sufficiency self-taking a decreasing trend.Where the study used the econometric model for the local bean crop in Egypt, a model was designed consisting of four equations, the first is the equation for the total production of local beans in Egypt, the second is the equation for total consumption of the bean crop in Egypt, the third is the equation for imports of beans, and the last is the equation for exports from the local bean crop in Egypt. The values of the internal variables were predicted to determine the values of domestic production, domestic consumption, Egyptian imports, and Egyptian exports of the local bean crop during the period (2021-2030).
The research aimed at diagnosing the status of agricultural production in the field of food and its ability to achieve food security, as well as studying exports, imports, production and consumption of agricultural commodities and identifying the full causes of the food problem and the lack of food security, and then proposing some future solutions to solve the problem, especially in light of the developments of the Russian-Ukrainian war and its effects. The expected prices of feed, and then animal production on the one hand and the strategic wheat stock on the other hand.The problem of the research is the extent to which the state is able to provide and make sufficient food supplies available to citizens, but it extends to the circumstances of the extent of individuals' ability to obtain food in light of the low rate of self-sufficiency in food commodities and the continued increase in the food gap, which negatively affects Egyptian food security, especially In light of the expected effects of the current Russian-Ukrainian war, and despite the recent increase in agricultural production, this increase is not commensurate with the increasing consumer needs, which indicates the widening of the food gap in basic food commodities and with the increase in international prices of food commodities, large groups of low-income populations It will face severe problems in its ability to obtain its necessary food needs, which requires the import of food from abroad to fill this gap.To achieve its objectives, the research relied on quantitative analysis by using multiple equation models (simultaneous equations). The model consists of ( 22) equations that are integrated with each other in an integrated manner, and to determine the most important variables that affect Egyptian food security. Some indicators related to the volume of studies of exports and imports were also calculated. This production and consumption is in addition to predicting the food groups, which include (cereals -cereals -vegetables -fruits -sugars -oils -meat).
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