Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by the phytopathogenic fungi Phakopsora pachyrhizi, has caused large reductions in soybean (Glycine max) yield in most locations in Brazil where it has occurred since it was first reported in
The grains of food-type soybean cultivars, which are characterized by the absence of lipoxygenases and the presence of high levels of proteins and isoflavones, are regarded as functional foods with high acceptance by consumers. However, few cultivars of food-type soybeans are currently available in the Brazilian market. The aim of this work was to study the adaptability and stability of various genotypes of food-type soybeans and to compare the performance of methods, which are based on analysis of variance, non-parametric, regression, multivariate and mixed models. Ten lines of food-type soybeans obtained from the Breeding Program of Soybeans for Human Consumption of the State University of Londrina (UEL/BPSHC) and two commercial varieties, the foodtype cultivar BRS 257 and the cultivar BMX Potência RR, were evaluated in the counties of Londrina,
ABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sowing dates on the yield, 100-grain weight, oil, protein and isoflavone contents of food-type soybean breeding lines UEL 110, UEL 115 and UEL 123 and a cultivar BRS 257. The materials were seeded on four sowing dates, and the experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replications. The productivity and 100-grain weight varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The protein content ranged from 36.40 to 42.44%, and the oil content ranged from 18.29 to 22.71%. No significant interaction was found between the genotype and sowing dates for the protein content. The isoflavone content also varied with the sowing dates and soybean genotypes. The cultivar BRS 257 had the highest isoflavone content, including the β-glucoside, malonyl glucoside and aglycones forms. The different sowing dates influenced the productivity, 100-grain weight, oil and protein content and isoflavone levels. Higher temperatures and lower rainfall during the grain filling decreased the productivity and isoflavone content and increased the protein content. For all sowing dates, the BRS 257 soybean food-type cultivar showed the highest isoflavone content, indicating that the effect of genotype is more important.Keywords: soybean, oil, protein, isoflavones.Produtividade e composição química de soja tipo alimento em diferentes épocas de semeadura RESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar o efeito das diferentes épocas de semeadura na produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, teor de proteínas, óleo e isoflavonas de linhagens de soja tipo alimento UEL 110, UEL 115 e UEL 123 e cultivar BRS 257. O material foi semeado em quatro épocas de semeadura e o experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. A produtividade e a massa de 100 grãos variaram com a época de semeadura e com os diferentes genótipos. O teor de proteínas variou de 36,40 a 42,44% e o de óleo de 18,29 a 22,71%. Não foi encontrada interação entre genótipo e épocas de semeadura para o teor de proteínas. O teor de isoflavonas variou com as épocas de semeadura e com os genótipos. A cultivar BRS 257 apresentou maior teor de β-glicosídeos, malonil-glicosídeos e agliconas. As diferentes épocas de semeadura influenciam a produtividade, massa de 100 grãos, conteúdo de óleo, proteínas e isoflavonas. Altas temperaturas e baixas precipitações durante o enchimento dos grãos reduzem a produtividade e teor de isoflavonas e aumentam o teor de proteínas. A cultivar BRS 257 apresenta o maior teor de isoflavonas indicando que o efeito genético é mais importante.Palavras-chave: soja, óleo, proteína, isoflavonas.
Resumo -Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: comparar a produtividade e a adaptação de genótipos de soja convencional e de soja transgênica resistente ao herbicida glifosato, de diferentes grupos de maturação, desenvolvidos pelo programa de melhoramento da Embrapa Soja para o Estado do Paraná; estudar a importância relativa dos efeitos de local, ano, cultivar e suas respectivas interações; e verificar a possibilidade de se estratificar o Estado em regiões mais homogêneas, para reduzir o número de locais nos ensaios de competição de linhagens. Foram utilizados dados de produtividade de grãos de ensaios regionais, no Estado do Paraná, entre 2001 e 2005. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso. A possibilidade de se realizar a estratificação do Estado em regiões mais homogêneas e de descarte de locais foi verificada pela significância da interação genótipo x ambiente entre locais. Não houve diferença significativa de produtividade entre a soja convencional e a transgênica, independentemente do grupo de maturação. O efeito de local foi mais importante que o efeito de ano, na composição dos ambientes. A estratificação do Estado do Paraná em regiões não trouxe vantagens, nos anos analisados, para os testes de linhagens; apenas os locais da região Sul mostraram algum grau de similaridade entre si.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, adaptação em soja, estratificação ambiental, melhoramento de plantas, melhoramento de soja. Genotype x environment interaction of conventional and glyphosate-resistant genetically engineered soybean in Paraná State, BrazilAbstract -The objectives of this research were: to compare productivity and adaptation of conventional and glyphosate-resistant genetically engineered soybean genotypes, from different maturity groups, developed by the breeding program at Embrapa Soja for Paraná State, Brazil; to study the relative importance of the effects of location, year, cultivar and their respective interactions; and to verify the possibility of stratifying the State in more homogeneous regions, in order to reduce the number of locations for line competition experiments. Paraná State yield data from regional experiments carried out in randomized complete block design from 2001 to 2005 were used. The possibility of stratifying the State in homogeneous regions and discarding similar locations was checked by the significance of genotype x environment interaction among locations. Yield was not significantly different between genetically engineered and conventional soybean, regardless of the maturity group. The effect of location was more important than the effect of year in the environment composition. The stratification of Paraná State in regions for yield testing soybean lines brought neither significant nor consistent advantages for the evaluated years. Only locations within the South region showed some degree of similarity.
The aim of this study was to verify sleep hours and associated factors among Brazilian and Spanish students. A cross-sectional study with students aged 11 to 16 years-old was carried out in Paranavaí, Brasil (n = 264) and Cáceres, Spain (n = 233) between 2013 and 2015. Sleeping hours were verified regarding time in minutes, sleep in weekdays, weekends and after lunch/Siesta. All data were checked for normality by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-square test (X2) and Odds Ratio estimates were used (p < 0.05). High prevalence in both groups of sleeping 8 hours or more a night at the weekend. The prevalence of sleeping on weekdays, > 8 hours, 6 to 8 hours and < 6 hours among Spanish and Brazilian students, respectively. Nearly a quarter of each group responded that makes the siesta. Spanish students had 3 times higher chance to sleep < 8 hours a night in weekdays, among students from 14 to 16 years old and among the underactive. At the weekends the chance of sleeping < 8 hours is 2 times greater among the Spanish students. Simple guidelines could help so that sleep habits do not affect school development, such as practicing physical activity regularly, sleeping at least 8 hours a night, avoid excessive access to technology at night.
-Soybean yield is highly affected by sowing period and there are significant productivity losses when sowings are done outward a relatively restricted period in many regions of Brazil. Breeding cultivars less sensitive to photoperiod and to temperature variations is desirable for adaptation to wider sowing period and wider latitude range and also make irrigated soybean cultivation possible during the fall-winter seasons in frost free regions. The possibility of selecting high yielding and stable lines for yield during various sowing periods was studied by analyzing the behavior of 100 non-selected advanced lines (F 9 and F 10 ), from each one of all possible biparental crosses involving the genotypes BR85-29009, OCEPAR 8, FT-2, and BR-13. Experiments were set up in a completely randomized design with single-plant hill plots and received supplementary irrigation. Sowing was on Sept 27, Oct 20, Nov 17, and Dec 17 in 1993/94 and Sept 20, Oct 20, Nov 17, and Dec 14 in 1994/95 at Londrina, PR, Brazil. Procedures of regression analysis and minimum variance among planting date means were efficient for selecting stable lines during the four sowing seasons. It was possible to select stable and high yielding genotypes through the four sowing periods in all the crosses. No specific cross was clearly better to produce a greater number of stable genotypes.Index terms: Glycine max, cultivars, genotypes, progeny, photoperiodicity, temperature, yields, productivity. ESTABILIDADE DE PRODUÇÃO DA SOJA EM DIFERENTES ÉPOCAS DE SEMEADURARESUMO -A produtividade da soja é muito influenciada pela época de semeadura, ocorrendo perdas significativas na produtividade quando as semeaduras são realizadas fora de um período relativamente restrito em muitas regiões do Brasil. A criação de cultivares menos sensíveis à variação do fotoperíodo e da temperatura, além de possibilitar a ampliação do período de semeadura, permite o cultivo dessas cultivares numa faixa mais ampla de latitude e a viabilização do cultivo de soja irrigada, durante o outono-inverno, em regiões isentas de geadas. Para estudar a possibilidade de selecionar linhagens produtivas e estáveis às épocas de semeadura, 100 linhagens (F 9 e F 10 ) não-selecionadas, derivadas de cada um dos possíveis cruzamentos entre os genótipos BR85-29009, OCEPAR-8, FT-2 e BR-13, foram semeadas em experimentos irrigados instalados segundo esquema em covas, sob um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. As datas de semeadura no campo foram 27/09, 20/10, 17/11 e 17/12, em 1993/94 e 20/09, 20/10 17/11 e 14/12, em 1994/95, em Londrina, PR. Métodos de análise de regressão e de variância mínima entre médias de épocas de semeadura foram eficientes para selecionar linhagens estáveis às épocas de semeadura. Foi possível selecionar genótipos estáveis às quatro épocas de semeadura, em todos os cruzamentos, e não foi observada superioridade de um cruzamento específico.
Essa resenha descreve e analisa Estudos brasileiros sobre o esporte: ênfase no esporte-educação, de Manoel José Gomes Tubino. A obra evidencia o esporte contemporâneo e o processo de consolidação efetiva de seus princípios. Por meio de um abrangente relato histórico dos movimentos esportivos internacionais que influenciaram as políticas públicas do esporte brasileiro, o autor propõe ações para a consolidação dos princípios do esporte-educação, os quais considera o alicerce fundamental para a estrutura esportiva brasileira.
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