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Using fossil fuels as the primary way to generate electricity causes a significant effect on the environment. In 2019 more than 64% of the electricity in the United States of America was generated using fossil fuels resources, while renewable energy (RE) resources contributed to only 17% of the U.S. electricity generation for the same year. Due to the complex terrain distribution of many states in the U.S., a massive opportunity of utilizing RE resources in rural and remote areas can reduce the cost of electrical grid installation for such areas. In this study, a typical residential building with an average energy consumption of 30.25 kWh/day with a peak of 5.34 kW was considered a case study in each state to optimize a hybrid RE system and find the best alternative electrical grid system. This study presents the best configuration between Solar and Wind energy with different types of energy storage. It was found that the photovoltaic (PV) - diesel generator with battery best serves in all states. The daily radiation and diesel prices substantially affect the Levelized Cost of Energy (COE) values in each state.

Wind energy is a primary renewable energy source and has been one of the most promising sources of clean, long-term energy. Self-healing is the autonomous ability to recover from failure. Self-healing material systems in wind turbine blades can reduce maintenance, repair, and energy compensation costs. Investigation of the self-healing wind turbine blades is of core interest in this study. This paper initially introduces self-healing properties into VARTM molded fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) nanocomposites and lab preparation for studying the effect of incorporation of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) on the self-healing capabilities using Dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and Grubbs first-generation catalyst. A vascular network was imprinted in a single glass fiber FRP sheet utilizing hexagonal 3D printed templates, infused with DCPD, and later embedded into a multilayer FRP. The effect of adding epoxy resin with 0.3 wt% CNTs to the multilayer FRP was investigated. The samples were tested before and after recovery by performing the three-point bending test. The maximum flexural strengths and percent recovery for the non-healed and healed FRP samples were calculated. Interestingly, the strength of the samples increased at least ten times after the addition of CNTs to the composite, and the percentage of stress recovery was doubled on average.

The main objective of this study is to control the hydration reaction rate of cement during its production process as phosphogypsum could be used as a substitute to natural gypsum in cement industry. However, the phosphogypsum impurities are pushing towards developing an efficient way to clean it due to their negative effect in hindering its use as an additive to the cement industry. The aim of this article is to treat phosphogypsum to be used in cement industry. To fulfil the purpose, samples from the Jordanian phosphogypsum were treated by washing with calcium hydroxide solution and then analyzed using X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. The analyses result of the treated samples indicated that the P2O5 percentage was reduced by around 16% after three times washing, whereas 100% removal of U was achieved. The reduction of SiO2 and Al2O3 were 42% and 20%, respectively. Ti content was reduced by 20%. According to the analyses, the radiation from phosphogypsum was negligible. Therefore, the treated Jordanian phosphogypsum can be used in cement industry. This will contribute to the reduction of waste phosphogypsum which considered as environmental concern from one side and provide cement industry with low cost raw material on the other side.

This work aims to utilize the enormous solar energy potential in Jordan in drying agricultural products (Tomato). This study presents a proposed model of the indirect solar dryer with an innovative design by adding mirrors, a nozzle, and a fan to improve the tomato slices' drying process. The effect of these modifications has been investigated. Interestingly, the solar system design reduced the moisture content in these agricultural products to increase shelf life and improve its quality. Moreover, it can be concluded that the addition of nozzles and mirrors improves the solar dryer performance such that higher heat power absorption up to 6.5 kW, higher effectiveness up to 92%, higher drying ratio up to 90%, and reduction in the required drying time by three hours.