This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Moringa-Albumin (MA) combination on pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, especially IFN-γ and TNF-α, in a diabetic mouse model. Streptozotocin with a 145 mg/kg BW dose was used to induce diabetes condition in BALB/c mice. Mice with positive DM (blood glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL) were orally administered with MA for 14 days at dose 1, dose 2, and dose 3. On day 15th, spleen cells were isolated to analyze IFN-γ and TNF-α expressions by flow cytometry. The data were statistically analyzed with one-way ANOVA (ρ≤ 0.05) and Tukey test using SPSS version 16 for Windows. The results showed that the MA combination had anti-inflammatory activity in inhibiting IFN-γ and TNF-α. Furthermore, dose 1 affected to decrease in the IFN-γ expression while dose 3 decreased the expression of TNF-α. Thus, it can be concluded that the MA combination has a role in inhibiting IFN-γ and TNF-α in a dosage-dependent manner. Based on the results, we assumed that MA might be one of the biological materials with efficacy to treat DM patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the β-pancreas cells. The immunomodulatory activities related to the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines might contribute to control the inflammatory response in T1DM. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of Moringa oleifera-Channa micropeltes formulation (MC) based on the profile of CD4 + IL-4 + , CD4 + IL-10 + , and CD4 + TGF-β + in type 1 diabetic mice. Methods: A total of 30 mice were divided into six equal groups as normal, diabetic mice, diabetic mice with metformin administration, and diabetic mice with MC administration doses 1, 2 , and 3. The mice were injected intraperitoneally by 145 mg/ kg BW Streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1DM. Diabetic mice were orally administrated by MC for 14 days. The levels of CD4 + IL-4 + , CD4 + IL-10 + , and CD4 + TGF-β + were determined by flow cytometry analysis. Results: The DM group had low levels of IL-4 and IL-10, but high levels of TGF-β as compared to the normal. Administration of MC in certain doses significantly increased the levels of IL-4 and IL-10, while inversely decreased the levels of TGF-β in diabetic mice at the levels close to the normal and significantly different from the DM group. The glucose levels in diabetic mice after MC administration were significantly lower than the DM group. Conclusion:Based on the results, MC administration in a dosage-dependent manner might have the immunomodulatory effect to reduce the inflammation by increasing IL-4 and IL-10 and suppressing TGF-β in type 1 diabetic mice.

It has been known that the immunoglobulin levels were altered in diabetes mellitus (DM) conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of immunoglobulins in DM mice after the administration of Moringa oleifera-Ifalmin® formulation (MI). Streptozotocin, at a dose of 145 mg.kg-1, was injected intraperitoneally to experimental mice to obtain diabetic mice. The groups were divided into normal mice, diabetic mice without treatment, diabetic mice with metformin treatment (307.5 mg.kg-1 BW), and diabetic mice with MI treatment at dose 1 (M:I= 800 mg.kg-1 BW: 800 mg.kg-1 BW), dose 2 (M:I= 615 mg.kg-1 BW: 615 mg.kg-1 BW), and dose 3 (M:I= 800 mg.kg-1 BW: 615 mg.kg-1 BW). Mice were orally treated by MI for 14 days. Subsequently, the levels of immunoglobulin IgM and IgG were evaluated using flow cytometry analysis. IgM and IgG levels were significantly lower in the DM group than the normal group. These results indicated that DM altered immunoglobulin levels. MI treatment for 14 days significantly increased the number of IgM and IgG at the level equivalent to the normal group and significantly different as compared to the DM group. Based on the results, MI can be used as an immunomodulatory agent in humoral immunity through the precise regulation of IgM and IgG.

In Indonesia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus hits 6.2%, making Indonesia one of the top ten diabetes mellitus countries. Efforts to prevent and treat people with diabetes in Indonesia are required to minimize that as well. One is through treatment with local herbal products such as Moringa oleifera (MO) and Toman fish extract (Channa micropeltes), called Ifalmin. The aim of this research is to investigate the potential role of a combination of Extract Moringa oleifera and Ifalmin to reduce inflammation in diabetes conditions. Diabetic mice were done by Streptozotocin (STZ) induction with a single-dose 145 mg.kg-1.Then, diabetic mice were given an oral treatment of combination MO extract and Ifalmin for 14 days. In this experiment combinations of MO extract and Ifalmin are divide into 3 dose, There are: dose 1 (800 mg.kg-1 : 800 mg.kg-1), dose 2 (650 mg.kg-1 : 650 mg.kg-1), and dose 3 (800 mg.kg-1 : 650 mg.kg-1). Immune cells originate from the spleen are stained by immunofluorescence antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry with BD Cellquest ProTM software. The results showed an increase of expression pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6 in diabetic mice compared to normal control. Only dose 1 and dose 2 has shown the capability to reduce the expression of IL-1β in diabetic mice. But, the combination of MO and Ifalmin has an antagonist effect on the expression of IL-6. The inhibitory mechanism can be assumed by the action of antioxidant compounds (Flavonoids and Alkaloids) in MO and Albumin compound in Ifalmin. Those combination act as exogenous antioxidant that help endogenous inside the body. A combination of MO extract and Ifalmin with a certain dosage was able to decrease proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β on the cells involved in innate immunity.

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