Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare two cold water immersion (CWI) protocols, continuous and fractionated, to optimize the recovery of Handball players after on recovery from exercise resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage. Material: Ten male Handball players (age: 15 ± 1.4 years, mass index: 67.2 ± 5.1 kg, height: 176.6 ± 7.30) voluntarily participated in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (average heart rate 160 ± 15.81, 156 ± 5.53 and 156 ± 12.24 bpm) per week, participants were divided into 03 groups. The first experimental group (GE1) in continuous immersion (CWIC) of (12 minutes, 12± 0.4° C), a second experimental group (GE2) in fractional immersion (CWIF) of (4 x 2 min at 12 ± 0.4° C + 1 min out of water) and a control group (GC) in passive recovery. Body mass indices (BMI), countermovement (Countermovement jump) and muscle pain (Intensity of pain in the thighs) were measured. Results : The results concerning the percentage differences in the variation of the CMJ occurred respectively at 24h (Z = 12.62, p = 0.004) and 48h (Z = 16.22, p <0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the results for muscle volume did not report any significant interaction (F (5.64) = 3.42, p = 0.078). The results of both protocols showed their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity by 24 and 48 hours after intense training (F (3.54) = 2.91, p = 0.016, p2 = 0.24). Conclusion: In conclusion, continuous and fractionated cold water immersion is beneficial for neuromuscular recovery 24 hours after intense exercise. The results also demonstrate a rapid recovery of handball players from their physical potential required in high level competitions.

Similar studies show that trainers must integrate strategies in their tactical lessons. Leading players to explore their tactics in a group of learners founded on their intelligence assimilated by simulation or multi visual intelligence (VMI) as new approach used and develops by American and European teams. However, in our teams the most approach used by our trainers, especially in tactical sessions stands for direct instruction (DI). From this technical point of view, the present study aimed to decide which approached can emphases the tactical performance in youth soccer players. To archive this proposal, 36 federated male soccer players aged under 16 and 17 years. Participate in this experiment, 18 of them base their tactical sessions on multi visual intelligence (VMI), where the others are exposed to direct instruction (DI). Build on design of study and statistical applied, our results advocate that performance in tactical situations be in flavors of players exposed to VMI compared to those taught using DI. Owing to motor space using visual tactical feedback as a remained strategy of combining collective tactics. Needing from player, the control of the gaze and attention over multiple visuomotor workspaces. As well as quantitative and qualitative aspects of performance decision-makers, as respond individually or cooperative during the soccer game. As well as to our coach to master this technique, which has become a means of monitoring the effectiveness of the player/team within the competition.

Summary Objective: The aim of this paper was to describe the anthropometric and physiological characteristics of young soccer players (U13) which were associated with their being successful or not as soccer players, and also to determine standard levels in the light of a test battery and indicators to select and guide the young talents as a scientific means to facilitate the selection. Method: A total of 390 soccer players age (U13). From 14 Algerian soccer clubs were enrolled and subjected to standard anthropometric, fitness (speed 20m, CMJ, skills-related performance testing. The testing battery will be described as will the process for converting test data into standardized scores. Data will be presented to show the strengths and weaknesses of some players. Result: After analysing the results based on the standard criteria for the proposed tests as well as the overall performance variable. And the ability of each youth to be selected according to their potential, and therefore it was stressed that the proposed criteria, which are scientific support for the field observation, should be emphasized to facilitate this process for Algerian soccer players. The findings from this study indicate that marked improvements and parameters associated with physical maturity such as height, weight, speed, VO2max, or chronological age are important to determine the success of a soccer player. At older ages, other factors such as agility seem to be more important. Nevertheless, players born in the 1st semester of the year are also more frequent in the older teams. These findings should be taken into account by trainers and coaches in order to avoid biasing their selection choices.

This study aims to provide the Algerian soccer trainers with a systematic method to control and interpret the Algerian soccer's progress. Recommend by soccer studies based on new high-tech to monitor intensity aimed at a competitive superiority of soccer players. Performed based on direct relationship VO 2 max, intensity and distance covered in elites match. Methods: to esteem the weaknesses of elite Algerian soccer. This controlled study focused on a yo-yo (IR1) test as a reliable, valid predictor of high-intensity aerobic capacity and VO 2 max athletes levels, which is able to discriminate the differences between player's post-games and player's ability levels. Investigated in this study as a protocol to classify 59 male soccer players under 18 years, labelled on their VO 2 max levels and their relationships with body fat index studies. Results: All statistical procedure results advance the players with high VO 2 max levels up than 59 ml/kg/min, allows this category of players to record a difference of 8.98% VO 2 max levels, 1160.86 m of distance covered,-1,27% of BFP and-4,55 ml/ kg/min of BMI higher compared to the other fewer categories records. Conclusions: Our results approve the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test as a valid and reliable test to monitor improvements or decrements of soccer physiological and anthropometrical training concept game demands. It can be concluded in this study as simple and valid data to predict the excess of body fat index on the request aerobic fitness claims for demanding soccer top player profile.

Purpose: The main aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the concurrent training method of muscular strength training or muscular endurance training combined with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the aerobic threshold (AerT) and anaerobic threshold (AT). Material and methods: Twenty soccer player from the University team were recruited. Participants were divided into muscular strength training group (MS, N = 10) and the muscular endurance training group (ME, N = 10). All subjects sustained the regular specific training programs during the experimental period and had additional different concurrent training twice per week for twelve weeks. power output during the graded exercise test, peak power (PP), average power (AP), fatigue index (FI) during anaerobic power test were tested by graded exercise test on Wingate anaerobic power test. as well as one-repetition maximum (1-RM) of lower limbs and Romanian Deadlift (RDL) - Hamstring Leg Exercise were tested simultaneously before and after the experiment. Data were analysed by two-way mixed design ANOVA. Results: After 12 weeks of training, the AT power output, 1-RM of half squat and the 1-RM of RDL were significantly higher than before training (MS: 407.12 ± 52.92 vs 431.78± 48.84 watt, 157.45 ± 35.66 vs 169.87 ± 47.31 kg, 120.16± 15.28 vs 122.56± 19.39 kg; ME: 411.11 ± 48.48 vs 429.16 ± 52.13 watt, 135.34 ± 26.27 vs 144.41 ± 35.78 kg, 96.93 ± 24.57 vs 103.46 ± 24.15 kg, p .05) in MS group and ME group. Time to exhaustion of graded exercise test in ME group was significantly higher than before training (22.13 ± 7.73 vs 25.78 ± 8.74 min, 23.44 ± 7.73 vs 24.78 ± 8.74 p .05). The AerT power output, PP, AP, and FI were no significant changes in both groups. Nevertheless, all dependent variables were no significant difference between groups before and after training. Conclusion: Conducting the concurrent training method of muscular strength training or muscular endurance training combined with HIIT twice per week for twelve weeks increased soccer players’ aerobic endurance as well as 1-RM of lower limbs. The concurrent training method of muscular endurance training combined with HIIT also promoted the performance of time to exhaustion. However, there were no significant difference between two training methods and minor significant benefits on anaerobic power.