<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common paediatric disorder in Otorhinolaryngological practice worldwide. The prevalence, clinical manifestations and predisposing factors are well documented in developed countries. However, available data shows differences between the various studies. There is paucity of data from developing countries. <span lang="EN-IN">Thus, this study is aimed at assessing the age group distribution, predisposing factors, clinical manifestation and complications of adenotonsillar hypertrophy in a developing country. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">It is a prospective study of children under 10 years over a period of 24 months. Interviewer assisted questionnaire was administered. Data obtained were statistically analysed using SPSS version 18.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Two hundred and fifty three, 253 subjects were enrolled into the study. Adenotonsillar hypertrophy affected all age groups studied. A high incidence was noted among the under 2 year olds. The Male: Female ratio was 2:1. Chronic cases constituted 55.7% of our study population. Common predisposing factors were atopy (73.9%), familial history (67.3%) and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection (58.2%). <span lang="EN-IN">The Commonest clinical features were snoring, noisy breathing, tonsillar enlargement and narrowing of postnasal space air column. Failure to thrive, otitis media and rhinosinusitis were the commonly associated complications observed. No death was recorded. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is common in our environment. It is important for all primary health care physicians, paediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists to have a clear knowledge on this ailment. Prevention or reduction in incidence is possible.</span></p>

Background: Hearing impairment is a common sensory impairment affecting all age group worldwide. Aims: This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, aetiology, audiometry findings, impact on quality of life and management of hearing impairment in a tertiary health institution in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prevalence hospital-based study of patients with complaints of hearing impairment in the ear, nose and throat department of Ekiti state university teaching hospital, Ado Ekiti. The study was carried out from May 2017 to April 2018. Consent was obtained from the patients/parents/guardian.

Background: Traumatic tympanic membrane perforation is a common otologic disorder with associated hearing impairment. Objective: This study aimed at determining the clinico-epidemiological pattern, etiological factors, clinical presentation and management of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in a Tertiary institution in Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective hospital based study of patients with history of traumatic perforated of tympanic membrane. The study was carried out over a period of 5 years (September 2012 to August 2017). A study proforma was used to obtain detailed history and clinical findings from consenting patients. Data collected were collated and analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Prevalence of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in this study was 2.1%. There were 65.5% males and 34.5% females with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The common presenting symptoms among the patients were hearing impairment in 68.3%, otalgia in 62.7% and tinnitus in 61.3%. Slap on the ear was the commonest cause of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation in 43.7% of the patients followed by self-ear cleaning in 16.9%. Commonest causes of slap in this study were 15.5% from security agent, 12.7% from seniors/boss while 9.9 % are from spouses. Unilateral traumatic perforation was more common in 97.9% than bilateral in 2.1%. The left ear traumatic perforation was more common than right ear tympanic perforation as 53.5% and 44.4% respectively. Grade 2 in 39.4% was the commonest perforation. Majority of the traumatic perforation were 40.8% central and 33.8% anterior central. Commonest comorbid injuries were subconjunctival hemorrhage in 16.2% and fracture temporal bone in 13.8%. Conductive hearing impairment in 69.7% and sensorineural hearing impairment in 17.6% were the commonest type of hearing impairment in our patients. Commonest degrees of hearing impairment were mild and moderate which accounted for 47.9% and 26.8% respectively. Commonest complications of traumatic tympanic membrane perforation were 68.3% hearing impairment and 26.1% tinnitus. Majority (73.9%) of the patients had conservative/medical therapy and 74.6% traumatic perforation healed at the end of 3 months. Conclusion: Traumatic perforation arises mainly from direct injuries in this study. The patients tend to present with hearing loss and unilateral involvement is the most common. There is the need to educate the public on the dangers of intentional trauma to the ear To cite this article [

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Background: Surgeries of adenoid, tonsils or both are common pediatric performed by otorhinolaryngologist, head, and neck surgeon worldwide. Clinical pattern and management varied in a different center. This study aimed at determining the rate, socio-demographic features, indications, barriers, types, complications and patients' satisfaction with adenoid and tonsils surgery in low-income countries. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based retrospective study of pediatric patients who had adenotonsillectomy, adenoidectomy, and tonsillectomy in the study center. This study was carried out over a period of ten years from March 2007 to February 2017. Data for this study was obtained from the medical record department, ENT clinic operation booking register and theatre operation register. All the data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16. The data were then expressed by descriptive statistics table, bar charts, and pie charts. Ethical clearance was sought for and obtained from the ethical committee of the institution. Results: A total of 463 patients were booked for adenoid and tonsillar surgery out of which 214 patients had surgery done during the study period. This represented 46.2% of the participants that had surgery done. Adenotonsillectomy peaked 38.3% at preschool age group: (1 -5) years. There were 58.9% males and male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Majority 42.5% of the patients reside in the city while minority 25.7% of the patients were village dwellers. Preschool ages were the majority 40.2% while post-secondary schools ages were the minority 8.4% of the patients. The parents of the majority of the patients were 27.1% health workers and 24.8% business men, while the parent of the minority of the patients was 11.7% farmers and 16.4% industrial workers. Major indications for surgery were 52.3% obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and 21.5% recurrent tonsillitis. Less common indications for surgery in this study were 1.4% persistent fever and 1.9% cardi-How to cite this paper: Adegbiji, W.opulmonary complications. There were 7.0% patients admitted as day cases and 93.0% patients admitted as an in-patient. Postoperatively, 1.4% of the day cases were admitted as inpatients while 1.9% of inpatients were treated as day cases. In this study, the established high risk factors include age less than 1 year 13.6%, Down syndrome 1.4%, craniofacial abnormalities 1.9%, malnutrition 10.7%, serum electrolyte and urea imbalance 10.3%, cardiovascular disease 3.7%, respiratory disease 7.5%, anaemia 8.9%, haemoglobinopathy 3.3% and coagulopathy 1.9%. There were no specific comorbidities that may likely influence the surgical outcome in majority 70.6% of the patients. Adenotonsillectomy was performed on 43.9% patients. Adenoidectomy only was performed on 24.8% patients. The proportion of adenoidectomy alone performed among the age group was 19.2% and 0.5% forages (1 -5) and (16 -18) years respectively. Conclusion: Adenoid and tonsils surgery are common pediatric otorhinolaryngologist surgical procedures fac...

Background/Objectives: Epistaxis is a common presentation and may constitute a major challenge to the parents and the health care givers. This study aimed at determining the clinico-epidemiological pattern, presentation and etiology of epistaxis. Materials and Methods: This prospective study of all patients that presented with epistaxis via the Ear, Nose and Throat department of a tertiary institution in Nigeria. The study was carried out between June 2012 and July 2017. Data were obtained from patients who gave consent by using pre-tested interviewer assisted questionnaire. All the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The prevalence of epistaxis in this study was 12.2%. The peak age group was 1-10 years with epistaxis prevalence of 36.4%. The male to female ratio was 1.5:1. Anterior epistaxis was more common than posterior epistaxis accounted for 80.1% and 7.4% respectively. Single episode of epistaxis was seen in 78.4% of the patients while recurrent epistaxis occurred in 21.6%. Unilateral epistaxis was 62.5%, bilateral epistaxis was 37.5% while right nasal bleeding accounted for 35.8%. The main local causes of epistaxis were trauma 29.5%, infective rhinosinusitis 18.8% and sinonasal tumours 12.5%. Severe epistaxis requiring blood transfusion was seen in 2.8% of the patients and death was recorded in 2.3%. Majority 110 (62.5%) were managed by observation alone, 20 (11.4%) by conservative therapy and 22 (12.5%) had surgical excision. Blood transfusion was given in 5. The outcome of treatment was good recovery in 79.0% while patients' satisfaction with treatment was noted in 84.1%. Conclusion: Epistaxis is a common sinonasal presentation with effect on quality of life.

Background and Aim:Earwax impaction is a common ear disorder with presentation worldwide. This study aimed at determining the clinical presentation, patients’ perception of earwax, and its predisposing factors among Nigerians.Materials and Methods:This prospective study was conducted on consented patients with diagnosis of earwax impaction at the Ear, Nose, and Throat Clinic of the University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti state, south west, Nigeria. The research was carried out over a period of one year (April 2008 and March 2009). All consented patients were told about the aim and scope of the study and their biodata were taken. Detailed history of the presenting complaints and otological complaints were taken and all data entered into structured questionnaires. Full-ear examination and otoscopy were performed and our findings were documented. From all these exercise, data obtained were collated and statistically analyzed.Results:A total of 437 patients were diagnosed with earwax impaction and prevalence of 20.1% was found. There was 52.2% male preponderance with male to female ratio of 1:1. Bimodal peak age distribution of patients was found at the extreme ages of life. Most common sources of our patients referrals were 39.6% general medical practitioners with least from 6.2% self-reporting. Common presentations were 277 (63.3%) hearing loss, 268 (61.3%) earache (otalgia), and 234 (53.5%) tiinitus. Unilateral earwax impaction, 75.1% was more common than bilateral earwax impaction. Right ear was more affected than left ear. Recurrent earwax impaction of 66.1% was found in our study. About 382 (87.4%) believed earwax was due to dirt or dust. Most common predisposing factors among our patients were self-ear cleaning.Conclusion:Common predisposing factor of this high recurrent earwax impaction were wrong perception and preventable self-ear cleaning with indiscriminate objects including cotton tip swab. This condition could be reduced by health education of the community.

Objective: Ear, nose, throat, head and neck injuries are a common otorhinolaryngology disorder worldwide. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, sociodemographic features, aetiology, clinical presentation management and outcome of injuries to the ear, nose, throat, head and neck region. Methods: This was a prospective study of patients with otorhinolaryngolology, head and neck injuries that presented at our tertiary health institution. Consented patients were studied between October 2015 and September 2017. Analysis of obtained data was done with SPSS version 16.0. Results: The prevalence of ear, nose, throat, head and neck injury was 9.4%. There were 63.5% males 36.5% females with male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Foreign bodies' impaction was the commonest cause of injury in 32.3% followed by road traffic accidents in 19.8%. Commonest anatomical region were ear and nose in 49.7% and 28.5% respectively. Common clinical features among the patients were pain in 46.5%, bleeding in 37.8% and foreign bodies' impaction in 32.3%. Presentations for otorhinolaryngology care among the patients were common in 95.1% acute injury than 4.9% chronic injury (13 weeks). Commonest associated complications of the injuries were otitis media in 18.8% others were 14.9% otitis externa, 9.4% perforated tympanic membrane and 6.3% epistaxis. Pre-hospital treatment in the patients was 67.4%. Major treatment offered to the patients was conservative/medical therapy in 28.8%. Conclusion: Ear, nose, throat, head and neck injuries are common in the otorhinolaryngology practice. Commonest causes are self inflicting foreign bodies' impaction and road traffic accident. Pre-hospital treatment among the patients was very high.