This study intends to explore the positive impact of perceived Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on brand equity with respect to behaviors and emotions. The motive behind this study was to examine the sequential mediating role of emotion of brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior between perceived CSR and brand equity. Moderators of brand attitude and customer loyalty were also explored in this study. Quantitative research method has been adapted for this study. A questionnaire with 5-point likert scale was adopted from existing scholarly work to collect data from 364 customers of 5 food production companies placed in Pakistan. Collected data were analyzed with the help of SPSS and Smart PLS3 through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. Results show that brand admiration and customer advocacy behavior significantly mediate the relationship of perceived CSR and brand equity. Moreover, moderating role of brand attitude and customer loyalty was found positive and significant. This was the novelty of this research. This research will be helpful for food production companies in Pakistan to formulate strong customer-brand relationships in order tostrengthen their brand equity by effectively positioning their CSR practices into the minds of consumers.

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The aim of current articleis to examine the relationship between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage in Project Management. This research used “Quantitative Methods” in which data was collected from five multinational fast-food companies of Pakistan by use of Likert Scale questionnaire. A sample of 80 persons was selected by using random sampling technique who are engaged in the selection and execution of corporate social responsibility activities. Data was statistically analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.Findings indicate that most of the multinational fast-food companies of Pakistan are engaged in corporate social responsibility practices. So, there is significant positive relationship between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage.

Purpose: Health system of a country is backbone of economy. It has fundamental importance in sustainable development of a country. Aim of this article is to excavate future challenges to health system of selected 106 countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: It is a country level comparative analysis of health risk factors. Design of the study includes review of literature, data extraction and analysis. The cross-sectional secondary data has been drawn from website of World Development Indicators (WDI) 2020. Grey relational analysis is used as technique of investigation. Findings: Results show that majorly, member countries of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have exceptionally high grey relational grade, therefore, are considered to be countries having less future health risks, whereas, Southern African Development Community (SADC) have exceptionally low grey relational grade, therefore, have high future health risk. Implications/Originality/Value: It is a unique study using different dataset and methods that provides valuable insights to political governments, researchers and health system managers.

The study empirically investigates the impact of managerial competency and learning orientation on job performance of individuals working in the software industry of Pakistan. Social skills have been introduced as a moderator alongside entrepreneurial leadership which acts as a mediator in both relationships. The data from 384 respondents, collected through survey, was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS. The results suggested that managerial competency and learning orientation are positively related to job performance, and entrepreneurial leadership partially mediated the relationship of managerial competency and job performance, and learning orientation and job performance. Social skills moderate the relationship of managerial competency and job performance, while the moderating role of social skills was not found for the association of learning orientation and job performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of its kind, incorporating technical and behavioral aspects (social skills) in a single framework. The study contributes to the existing literature by analyzing the impact of aforementioned relationships in the Pakistani organizational context. The study may present vital insights for organizations to prioritize development of managerial competencies, learning orientation, entrepreneurial leadership and social skills for improved job performance.

The focus of this paper is 'dual' apprenticeship training, which involves both on-thejob and institutional training. Apprentices receive training both within the companies to which they are apprenticed and within state-run, vocational institutes. The cost of training under this system is mainly borne by the employer, which has given rise to debate around the cost-benefit for the employer. Although literature on apprenticeship training costs and benefits is available, it is fragmented and scattered. No single composition encompasses all the necessary constructs of this paradigm, which is the major objective of this paper.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze the correlation between the job characteristics and satisfaction among production workers in the garments sector assembly line and also to examine the moderating impact of growth need intent on both variables. The five job characteristics were employed in this research. Design/Methodology/Approach: This research was carried out in seven garment factories in Lahore. Data has been collected from production workers of different departments; cutting, sewing, pattern making, washing, pressing, packaging, and quality checking of randomly selected factories. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Considering the sample size estimation, the ratio has not to be below 1:5. (Hair, Black, Babin & Anderson, 2010) and 125 have been selected by a convenient method of sampling. Smart PLS has been used as a statistical tool for data processing and testing the hypothesis. Findings: The research suggests two important findings. Firstly, the job characteristics significantly affect job satisfaction. Secondly, it shows that the relationship between job characteristics and satisfaction is significantly moderated by growth need intent. Implications/Originality/Value: This research will add value to the existing knowledge base and serve as a guideline for HR policymakers in the textile & garments industry to recognize the needs for the development of their workers.

There has been a lot of debate on intellectual capital and its dimensions, except green intellectual capital (GIC). The economic benefit of business not only eliminates the neediness of the region but also invigorate the prosperity in the area; however, the heat of financial interest among business competitor causes social inequality and destruction of the environment. This paper is novel conception due to the lack in prior studies as many did not focus on the relationship between green intellectual capital (green human capital, green structural capital and green relational capital) and business sustainability (BS) in the context of a developing country; Pakistan to assess the mediating role organization learning capability (OLC) between the relationship of GIC and BS. The current study tried to link two theories, natural resource-based view and intellectual capital-based view (NRBV& ICBV), to conceptualize the intangible resources that lead to business sustainability by assimilating the "green" into conventional intellectual capital namely green intellectual capital. Data were collected from 154 SME manufacturing companies in Lahore, Pakistan. The simple random sampling technique used for data collection. SPSS and AMOS software is used for data analysis. The results show that all three dimensions of green intellectual capital effect on business sustainability. While discussing the mediation role of organizational learning capability, OLC mediates the relationship between human capital and business sustainability. Furthermore, OLC does not play a mediation role between structural capital, relational capital, and business sustainability.  Finally, this study described limitations as well as future directions