A field experiment was carried out at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station, ARC during the successive winter growing seasons of 2015 and 2016. Wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L,) was cultivated under sprinkler irrigation system to study the effect of soil amendments (bentonite and potassium humate) on soil chemical properties of sandy soil, under different nitrogen doses (100, 75 and 50% N), along with wheat productivity and nutrients uptake. Results revealed no significant effect of mean pH values of different treatments compared to control. Conversely of results indicated increases of OM and CEC under effect of either bentonite or potassium humate; no significant effect was obtained among rates of nitrogen. Results, generally, showed positive responses of available N, P and K compared to control treatments. Finally, results revealed significant positive responses of total yield (straw and grains) along with total content of nutrient elements. From the present study, soil conditioner (combination of bentonite and potassium humate) was favorable for soil parameters of chemical soil properties of sandy soil which reflects on increase soil fertility. Use of 75 or 50 % N rates instead, of 100% N, being suggested whose difference was not significant
A slow release of urea fertilizer has become a necessity since it reduces the loss of nitrogen. This can be achieved by using different types of coatings, like sulfur, starch and wax etc. In this study, the producing of urea coated with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate which working on the reduction of nitrogen loss as resultant of either leaching or valorization and minimize environmental pollution beside reduce the consumption of fertilizer. Also, improve soil chemical properties, its positive impact on the productivity of wheat crop, and total content of macronutrients. Lab experiments were performed to determine the best concentration of bentonite to coated urea such as percent coating which showed that percent coating was increased with increasing the concentration of bentonite. The dissolution rate was decreased with concentration of bentonite (2.5%) in combination with 0.1% polyacrylamide. Along with, the experiment of investigation of the water absorption showed the greater absorbency of water was shown at 2 and 2.5% bentonite. In addition to, the incubation experiment revealed that amount released from nitrogen at 10 and 15 days were greater, which lasted for up to 20 days in urea uncoated than urea-coated. The concentration of 2.5% of bentonite seems to be favorable than other concentrations. These experiments conformed that the suitable quantity used in the coating urea by bentonite and polyacrylamide. Through an infrared (FTIR) diagnosis of the urea coated, its properties were identified at different wavelengths. The functional groups such as phenol, carboxyl, etc. which affect the compound's effectiveness when the urea associates with bentonite, polyacrylamide and potassium humate as one compound. Concerning, trial experiment were laid out at El-Ismailia Agriculture Research Station Farm, Agric. Res. Center (ARC), Egypt. At two successive seasons who's planted with wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L., CV. Giza 168) in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. To evaluate urea's coated beneficial effect on soil along with plant productivity. Established by the following transactions three rates of nitrogen 100, 75 and 50% from recommended dose of uncoated urea, urea formaldehyde and urea coated. Results show that, mean values of soil pH were decreased with urea formaldehyde and urea coated compared to uncoated urea (control), this inversely with values of EC in soil where increased with coated urea compare to other treatments in two seasons. Data revealed an increases of N,P and K availability in soil under impact of coated urea and urea form compared to control (uncoated urea) treatments with consideration that urea coated was superior than urea form. Regarding the plant behavior, results revealed that the mean values of the biological yield, grains and straw of wheat crop under impact of coated urea and urea formaldehyde treatments were increases compared to uncoated urea in two seasons. But it was observed that this increase was better when applying urea coated. Finally, this produ...
This study was carried out during the winter two seasons 2015 , 2016 on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Malawi Agricultural Research Station in El-Minya Governorate, Egypt to study the effectiveness of three irrigation scheduling treatments (farmer practice (I1), irrigation with 100% ET o (I2) and irrigation with 75% of ET o (I3)) along with five treatments (100% N, potassium humate (KH), 75%N+KH, 50% N +KH and 25%N +KH). Results of soil chemical properties revealed that no great variables were observed in pH values between all treatments either when applied full dose of nitrogen fertilizer (100% N) , Khumate (KH) alone or Khumate (KH) in combination with nitrogen rates. This result was true for both studied season. Mean values of soil EC, in general, were increased when applied low nitrogen rate. Also, irrigation at I3 (75% ET 0) recorded high value of EC as compared to other irrigation treatments. Moreover, organic matter values were increased as affected by Khumate application as compared with control treatment (only nitrogen fertilizer) as well as OM content in I1 (Farmer practice) irrigation treatment decreased as compared to other application irrigation treatments. Concerning available N,P and K mean values showed an increase in N , P and K availability when applied Khumate in combination with nitrogen fertilizer as compared to applied N fertilizer alone. Applied Khumate with 75% N seems to be favorable treatment than other treatments. Applied Irrigation treatment 75% Et 0 was superior for NPK availability as compared to other irrigation treatment. Also, date reveled that highest crop water requirements (CWR) and seasonal water consumption use (WCU) under farmer irrigation practice in the two growing seasons and the lowest value was under irrigation treatment with (I3) of ET o. The mean values of WCU were decreased when applied different nitrogen rates The value of WUE as a mean of two growing seasons were higher with irrigation treatment (I2) , also, with K humate in combination with 75% N rate.In addition, data showed that wheat yield and its components had significantly influenced by different applied treatments, compared to the control treatment. The plants receiving irrigation treatment at (100% of ET o) in presence of KH +75% nitrogen gave the highest wheat yield components as compared to other tested treatments. Similar trend was recorded for total content of nitrogen, phosphors and potassium in wheat plant.
This study was conducted at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station, ARC during two consecutive seasons. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., CV. Giza 168) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., CV. Giza 6) were grown in the winter and summer seasons 2015,2016 in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of processed organic fertilizer with some methods and additions to raise its efficiency which reflected on physical and chemical properties of sandy soil and crop productivity. Three forms of organic wastes (farmyard manure, compost and green waste biochar) were used.Obtained results revealed that, decreases in pH values in soil of processed farm yard manure, compost and biochar from waste plant compared to control (no added amendments).On the other hand, EC and organic matter along with nutrients availability (N,P and K) increased with applied soil amendments especially in FYM4 and biochar P2 treatments. Moreover, results indicated that value of bulk density (BD) decreased, but both total porosity (TP) and available water (AW) increased by application of soil amendments treated compared to control treatment at both studied seasons. Finally, FYM4 and biochar P2 treatments had recorded the highest values of macronutrients total content along with yield components of wheat and peanut crops as compared to other treatments.From the present study, it could be obtained maximum beneficial from farmyard manure, compost and green waste biochar treated by some ways and addition of materials which lead to the best integrated product. This actually, may be helpful to improve soil chemical and physical properties and reflected that on soil fertility along with plant productivity.
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