Maximum Utilization of Organic Wastes as Soil Amendments and its Effect on Physical and Chemical Properties of Sandy Soil

Abstract

This study was conducted at Ismailia Agric. Res. Station, ARC during two consecutive seasons. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L., CV. Giza 168) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L., CV. Giza 6) were grown in the winter and summer seasons 2015,2016 in a sandy soil under sprinkler irrigation system. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of processed organic fertilizer with some methods and additions to raise its efficiency which reflected on physical and chemical properties of sandy soil and crop productivity. Three forms of organic wastes (farmyard manure, compost and green waste biochar) were used.Obtained results revealed that, decreases in pH values in soil of processed farm yard manure, compost and biochar from waste plant compared to control (no added amendments).On the other hand, EC and organic matter along with nutrients availability (N,P and K) increased with applied soil amendments especially in FYM4 and biochar P2 treatments. Moreover, results indicated that value of bulk density (BD) decreased, but both total porosity (TP) and available water (AW) increased by application of soil amendments treated compared to control treatment at both studied seasons. Finally, FYM4 and biochar P2 treatments had recorded the highest values of macronutrients total content along with yield components of wheat and peanut crops as compared to other treatments.From the present study, it could be obtained maximum beneficial from farmyard manure, compost and green waste biochar treated by some ways and addition of materials which lead to the best integrated product. This actually, may be helpful to improve soil chemical and physical properties and reflected that on soil fertility along with plant productivity.

Effect of Enriching Vermicompost with Azotobacter and Bacillus Bacteria and Foliar Spraying with Azotobacter on Some Chemical Characteristics of the Soil Planted with Sunflower Plants

“…The decrease in the pH value with the treatment of adding urea fertilizer and phosphate rock together is due to the release of hydrogen ions when the urea fertilizer decomposes and turns into ammonium ions, which leads to a reduction in the pH value of the soil [9]. The results of this study are consistent with those of [10], who found a decrease in the pH by increasing vermicompost levels. Enriching vermicompost with biofertilizers led to a reduction in the electrical conductivity of the soil due to the improvement of the physical and biological properties, soil fertility, and increased plant growth, which led to the absorption of many nutrients during its growth period, which leads to a reduction in the electrical conductivity of the soil [11].…”

“…bacteria, which led to an increase in the concentration of nitrogen in the soil because the A. chroococcum bacteria leads to the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen in a freeway, in addition to the fact that vermicompost fertilizer is a source of organic nitrogen, which in turn turns into mineral nitrogen, which led to an increase in ready-made nitrogen in the soil [12]. As for the readymade phosphorus in the soil, we notice an increase in its readiness with the treatment of vermicompost fertilizer and phosphate rock because the phosphate rock will support the soil with a high amount of mineral phosphorus in addition to the organic phosphorus present in vermicompost, which leads to the mineralization of organic phosphorus in the soil and its transformation into ready-made phosphorus due to the activity of microorganisms, which provided them with the energy and carbon sources necessary for biological processes [13,14,10]. The readiness of potassium in the soil increased in most of the fertilizer treatments under study because the urea works to lower the soil pH and because the used biofertilizers, represented by the bacteria A. chroococcum and Bacillus sp work to fix atmospheric nitrogen and dissolve phosphate compounds, which led to achieving a balance between the main macronutrients, including potassium, in addition to the activity of microorganisms increasing in the presence of nutritional sources, which leads to an increase in the availability of nutrients, including potassium.…”