This study was designed as a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a novel bioactive glass scaffold-tailored amorphous multiporous (TAMP)for the preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction in class II orthodontic patients. TAMP scaffolds were prepared and sterilized. Patients were screened for eligibility, and 6 patients accounting for 14 extraction sockets were included in this stage. Sockets were randomly allocated to either control (left empty) or test (grafted with TAMP scaffold particles). Follow-up was done after 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 to 17 wk with digital periapical radiographs to evaluate changes in crestal bone height and bone mineral density (BMD), 3-dimensional volumetric analysis of impression casts, and histologic analysis of core biopsies. Furthermore, alveolar bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were

INTRODUCTION: Effective communication not only improves dentist-patient relationships, but also enhances the patient's satisfaction towards the profession. Dental students are generally receptive to learning communication skills during their academic education and their appreciation for the value of these skills can be significantly improved with training. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to compare the attitudes of dental interns towards learning communication skills at both Faculty of Dentistry Alexandria University (public) and Pharos University (private). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study using a s questionnaire was carried out among dental interns graduated from the Faculty of Dentistry of Alexandria University (AU) and Pharos University (PU), in 2014. A self-administered, twenty-four-items, Dental Communication Skills Attitude Scale (DCSAS) that contained both positive (PAS) and negative (NAS) attitude subscales was distributed. Participants' demographic and education related variables were also recorded. Association of the positive and negative attitudes with these variables was determined using appropriate statistical tests as Pearson's chi square test, Monte Carlo Exact test, Fisher's Exact and one way ANOVA. RESULTS: A total of 240 dental interns from Alexandria University and 162 dental interns from Pharos University participated in the study, with a response rate of 70.59% and 82.65%, respectively. The mean PAS scores and NAS scores in both universities were almost the same, 52/65 and 31/55, respectively with no significant difference between them. These attitudes were significantly associated with certain background and education-related attributes as gender, age, parents education and previous communication skills training. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the differences in communication skills curriculum, dental interns of both AU and PU had an overall positive and neutral attitude towards communication skills learning with no statistical significant difference between them.

The aim of the study was to assess the relation between the three maturity indicators (CVMI, MP3, SMI) and the chronologic age in Egyptian adolescents. Lateral cephalograms and hand-wrist radiographs of 20 females and 15 males ranging from ages 9 to14 years were collected. The cervical vertebrae (C2, C3, and C4) outlines were traced from the lateral cephalograms and analyzed using the CVMI according to the method used by Hassel and Farman and the hand wrist MP3 indicators and Fishman's SMI indicators were used to assess the skeletal maturity of the subject. Results showed a strong correlation between the three methods of maturity indicators, however the correlation was stronger in the female sample. The chronological age was correlated with the maturity indicators except with Fishman's SMI stages in males. Results also showed that males tend to show early stages of maturity indicators in this age group however females showed all stages of maturity in this age group (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). It was concluded that females tend to achieve higher percentage of their skeletal growth than Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 2 Volume 33 -June 2008 males especially before 11.5 years and MP3 maturity indicators are more informative of the skeletal maturity in the Egyptian females. CVMI are more informative for the Egyptian males skeletal maturity.

Figure 1: Percentage of Adverse Childhood Experiences reported by children participating in study (n=229)