Aim: To observe the combined effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and preconditioned adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) on the injured articular cartilage of the rat. Materials & methods: Animals in the study received an intra-articular injection of PRP and preconditioned ADMSCs, both in combination and separately. The response to therapeutic intervention was evaluated by inflammatory markers, proteoglycans content, chondrogenesis and gene expression analyses. Results: The combined therapy resulted in a reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α, increased proteoglycan content of the articular cartilage, upregulation of Acan, Col2a1 and PCNA genes. Downregulation of Col1a1, Col10a1 and Casp3 genes was observed as compared with the untreated osteoarthritis rat model. Conclusion: PRP potentiates the effects of ADMSCs on the repair of damaged articular cartilage.
The emergence of the huge number of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria requires an alternative to the drugs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are a strong candidate for this due to their bactericidal properties, which can be better concluded by understanding their morphology and chemistry. The study hypothesised that AgNPs synthesised using leaves of Syzygium cumini can be used to treat locally emerging MDRs forming biofilms on indwelling medical devices. Synthesised particles were characterised by methods like UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Zetasizer. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to predict phytochemicals present in the leaves. The shape of particles is revealed to be relatively spherical, with average size to be around 10-100 nm. Phenolic compounds are attributed to the formation of nanoparticles, stability analysis shows particles to be stable, and zeta potential determined the surface charge to be −20.1 mV. Biosynthesised particles are found to possess efficient antibacterial activity MDR bacteria developing biofilms in medical devices; hence, it is concluded that S. cumini based NPs can be used to develop a layer on implant-related medical devices. Toxicity evaluation against A594 cancer cells portrays AgNPs to be potential tumour reduction agents in a concentration-dependent manner. 2 Materials and methods 2.1 Sample collection, identification, and extract preparation The leaves of Syzygium cumini were collected locally from the botanical garden of the University of the Punjab, Lahore. S. cumini was identified by botanical features and taxonomic classification. To remove debris and dust particles, leaves were thoroughly washed in the laboratory by running under tap water, were rinsed with distilled water, and left for air drying. The plant extract was prepared by following the protocol with some alterations [14]. Leaves of S. cumini were shadow dried for 2-3 days and ground into powder using an electric blender. The suspension was prepared with 4 g of this powder in 200 ml of distilled water and kept in a water bath at 70-80°C for 30 min in a beaker. The resulting extract was filtered in a conical flask using Whatman No.1 filter paper. Filtrate (plant extract) was allowed to be cooled and was saved at 4°C for further use. 2.2 Synthesis of AgNPs Silver nitrate solution of 2 mM was prepared by dissolving silver nitrate crystals in water. The plant extract was mixed with colourless silver nitrate aqueous solution in the ratio 1:3. 2X Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a stabilising agent for particles. The resulting solution was optimised at pH 5.0 and
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