Introduction: Forensic anthropology is the application of the medical science in the criminal law.The identification of human skeletal remains is considered the first challenging and important step of unknown skull and very crucial for further analysis. In forensic medicine the adult skeleton gender determination is usually the first step of the identification process. Objectives:The primary aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for gender and age determination through the evaluation of maxillary sinus linear measurements, the second aim to determine the prevalence of maxillary sinus septa and to detect the most common shape of maxillary sinus.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the validity of CBCT in the detection of VRF and its orientation in human extracted teeth and to analyze the effect of gutta-percha (GP) endodontic obturation. Finally, to compare different CBCT voxel sizes in VRF diagnosis in both GP obuturated and nonobturated teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty human teeth were divided into: group I included 30 endodontically treated and GP obturated teeth, group II include 30 endodontically treated but not obturated teeth. Then, VRFs were mechanically induced in all teeth and the teeth were scanned with i-CAT CBCT machine with different voxel sizes of 0.125, 0.2, 0.25 mm. Then, the teeth were inspected by stereomicroscope to confirm the presence of fracture and to detect the orientation of the fractures to act as the gold standard. Result: Different CBCT voxel sizes of 0.125, 0.2 & 0.25mm were found to have the same validity in the VRF diagnosis with 100% sensitivity, 96.4% accuracy and 50% specificity. There was no significant difference between GP obturated and non obturated groups. VRFs occurred mostly in the bucco-lingual direction. Conclusions: VRF detection and its orientation can be accurately assessed by different CBCT voxel sizes imaging, thus using CBCT 0.25 voxel with less radiation dose is preferred. The presence of GP did not hinder the VRF orientation.

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BACKGROUND: Identification and determination of gender of unknown human skeletal remains has been one of the most challenging tasks for forensic dentistry. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to assess the role of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in gender determination through the measurements of the location of the mental foramen in in a sample of the Egyptian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two measurements were performed in 200 CBCT images 2 measurements were performed; distance from the upper border of mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible and distance from the lower border of mental foramen to the lower border of the mandible in the right side of each CBCT image. Obtained data were statistically analyzed using t-test to compare between the two genders. RESULTS: The two measurements were significantly higher in males.

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