Granular pile anchor foundations (GPAF) are considered a significant promising foundation system to alleviate the serious effects of changes in the volume of expansive soils that occur throughout shrinkage and expansion. In this paper, 3D finite element analyses are presented by applying PLAXIS software, which is carried out on a typical double-story building built over a GPAF system in expansive soil. An investigation on GPAF system is presented in terms of its resistance ability to the forces caused by the soil movement as a result of variant moisture and the effect of the resistance on the superstructure induced by the straining actions. The results indicate the significance of the GPAF system in restricting the soil movement with high efficiency, which results in a noticeable improvement in the building structural responses in terms of uplift forces, heave and induced deformations.
Particle breakage is one of the issues that significantly affect the strength characteristics of aggregate. In this paper, the strength of pre-crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated through investigating the friction angle, stress-strain behaviour, and single-particle strength. The particle breakage phenomenon was studied for samples prepared at different conditions, including non-soaked samples, water-soaked samples, and acidsoaked samples. The purpose of preparing the samples at different conditions was to simulate the effect of environmental factors on the breakage behaviour of limestone aggregate. The test program of this paper consists of two phases of triaxial tests: the initial shearing and second shearing. The test results showed remarkable variations among the samples since limestone aggregate tended to experience more particle breakage after being soaked in water and acid solution. Also, the volume change results exhibited an increase in dilation as the breakage index increases. The test results of this study presented the importance of considering the role of environmental factors in evaluating the particle breakage of limestone aggregate.
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