The relationship between the shear strength and water retention curve of unsaturated sand at different hydraulic phases

Albadri, Wael M.; Noor, Mohd Jamaludin Md; Alhani, Israa J.

doi:10.1007/s11440-021-01189-7

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Bishop's effective stress tensor

{\bm{\sigma }}^{\prime\prime}

12 is given as

\begin{equation} {\bm{\sigma ^{\prime\prime}}} = {\rm{\ }}{\bm{\sigma }} - \left\{ {\left( {1 - {{\chi }}} \right){{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} + {{\chi }}{{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}} \right\}{\bf 1}{\rm{\ }} = \underbrace {\left( {{\bm{\sigma }} - {{{u}}_{{\rm a}}}{\bf 1}} \right)}_{{{\bm{\sigma }}_{{\rm{net}}}}}{\rm{\ }} + {{\chi }}\underbrace {\left( {{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} - {{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}} \right)}_{{s}}{\bf 1}{\rm{\ }}\end{equation}

where

{\bm{\sigma }}

{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}}

{{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}

, and

{{s}}

represent Cauchy's stress tensor, air pressure, water pressure, and suction (

{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} - {{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}

), respectively;

{{\bm{\sigma }}_{{\rm{net}}}}

is net stress tensor, and

{{\chi }}

is an effective stress parameter bounds (0 for fully–dried and 1 for fully–saturated). Bishop's effective stress

{{\bm \sigma }}^{\prime\prime}

…”

Section: A Model For Mechanical and Hydraulic Behavior Of Unsaturated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The magnitude of deviatoric stress under the wetting process directly results in distortional deformation 5,9,11 . The volumetric behavior tends to be reversible with the increase in drying–wetting cycles 12–13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5,9,11 The volumetric behavior tends to be reversible with the increase in drying-wetting cycles. [12][13] Constitutive models for unsaturated soils have been proposed, and attempts have been made to simulate laboratory tests. An effective stress tensor for unsaturated soils was proposed by Bishop 14 ; however, it cannot solely be used to describe hydraulic collapse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of wetting–induced deformation and failure of unsaturated soils

Komolvilas

Kikumoto

Kyokawa

2022

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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The mechanisms of hydraulic collapse (wetting‐induced deformation) are studied through a series of simulations using a model for unsaturated soils. The model is a critical state soil model extended for unsaturated soils using Bishop's effective stress tensor, the state boundary surface (SBS) moving with the change in the degree of saturation, and a rational soil‐water characteristic curve that takes account of density and hydraulic hysteresis. Comparisons with published experimental data validate the proposed model. The simulation results show that the model adequately captures the hydraulic collapse behavior under both isotropic and anisotropic stress conditions. The effects of density, mean net stress, and deviatoric stress on the hydraulic collapse behavior are further investigated through a parametric calculation, and the mechanics of the wetting–induced instability are discussed. The effects of suction history, namely repeated wetting and drying cycles, on the deformation and failure, are also presented. The proposed model provides a validated method for modeling hydromechanical collapse in unsaturated soil and provides a better understanding of the mechanisms involved.

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“…Bishop's effective stress tensor

{\bm{\sigma }}^{\prime\prime}

12 is given as

\begin{equation} {\bm{\sigma ^{\prime\prime}}} = {\rm{\ }}{\bm{\sigma }} - \left\{ {\left( {1 - {{\chi }}} \right){{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} + {{\chi }}{{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}} \right\}{\bf 1}{\rm{\ }} = \underbrace {\left( {{\bm{\sigma }} - {{{u}}_{{\rm a}}}{\bf 1}} \right)}_{{{\bm{\sigma }}_{{\rm{net}}}}}{\rm{\ }} + {{\chi }}\underbrace {\left( {{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} - {{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}} \right)}_{{s}}{\bf 1}{\rm{\ }}\end{equation}

where

{\bm{\sigma }}

{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}}

{{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}

, and

{{s}}

represent Cauchy's stress tensor, air pressure, water pressure, and suction (

{{{u}}_{{\rm a}}} - {{{u}}_{{\rm w}}}

), respectively;

{{\bm{\sigma }}_{{\rm{net}}}}

is net stress tensor, and

{{\chi }}

is an effective stress parameter bounds (0 for fully–dried and 1 for fully–saturated). Bishop's effective stress

{{\bm \sigma }}^{\prime\prime}

…”

Section: A Model For Mechanical and Hydraulic Behavior Of Unsaturated...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanism of wetting–induced deformation and failure of unsaturated soils

Komolvilas

Kikumoto

Kyokawa

2022

Num Anal Meth Geomechanics

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show abstract

“…This fact was highlighted by Miura and Yamanouchi [18], who observed that soil particles crack more easily at higher water content. However, the effect of water on the long-term performance of aggregate was investigated through numerous studies [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Particle Breakage on Strength Characteristics of Limestone Aggregate

Alhani¹,

Albadri

Noor

et al. 2022

Geotech Geol Eng

Self Cite

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Particle breakage is one of the issues that significantly affect the strength characteristics of aggregate. In this paper, the strength of pre-crushed limestone aggregate was evaluated through investigating the friction angle, stress-strain behaviour, and single-particle strength. The particle breakage phenomenon was studied for samples prepared at different conditions, including non-soaked samples, water-soaked samples, and acidsoaked samples. The purpose of preparing the samples at different conditions was to simulate the effect of environmental factors on the breakage behaviour of limestone aggregate. The test program of this paper consists of two phases of triaxial tests: the initial shearing and second shearing. The test results showed remarkable variations among the samples since limestone aggregate tended to experience more particle breakage after being soaked in water and acid solution. Also, the volume change results exhibited an increase in dilation as the breakage index increases. The test results of this study presented the importance of considering the role of environmental factors in evaluating the particle breakage of limestone aggregate.

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“…Numerous researchers have studied the water-holding capacity, strength and deformation characteristics, permeabilitystrength characteristics, and crack evolution law of soil under drying-wetting cycles. At the same time, the relationship between the macro-mechanical characteristics and microstructural characteristics of expansive soil [41][42][43], unsaturated sand [44], sliding zone soil [45,46], compacted loess [47][48][49][50], and clay soil [51][52][53] was evaluated to reveal the intrinsic nature of soil strength attenuation at the microscale. We can also conclude that most of the previous investigations on the SWCC under multiple drying-wetting cycles have focused on slope stability analysis or pollutant migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Drying–Wetting Cycles on the Water Retention and Microstructure of Residual Soil

Liu

Xian

et al. 2022

Geofluids

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Due to frequent changes in the humid and hot environment, the residual soil with a particle-size distribution (PSD) from gravel to clay experiences multiple drying–wetting cycles. The pressure plate test and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to investigate the influence of drying–wetting cycles on the soil–water characteristic curve (SWCC) and pore-size distribution (POSD) of undisturbed residual soil. The results showed that the water-holding capacity of the residual soil decreased as the number of drying–wetting cycles increased and gradually stablilized, and then the van Genuchten (VG) model was found to perform well on the SWCC during the drying–wetting processes. The NMR results indicated a double-pore structure, and the porosity of the residual soil as well as the internal water content increased smoothly with more drying–wetting cycles. The obtained POSD curve of soil implied that drying–wetting cycles had a more obvious effect on small pores and macro-pores than on micro-pores and meso-pores. Theoretical calculations evinced that the product of the matric suction and relaxation time should be constant at a constant temperature. However, the experimental results did not effectively reflect such a relation between the matric suction and relaxation time. A modified VG model based on the cumulative pore volume was utilized to describe the POSD under drying–wetting cycles. Subsequently, the proposed Rational2D surface equation was used to accurately reflect the internal relationship between the SWCC and POSD curve under different numbers of drying–wetting cycles. Moreover, the fractal model for the SWCC derived from the capillary theory confirmed that the matric suction had a strong linear relationship with the relative volumetric water content in the log-log scale. Also, the fractal dimension can be approximated as a constant, because its attenuation is small with more drying–wetting cycles.

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The relationship between the shear strength and water retention curve of unsaturated sand at different hydraulic phases

Cited by 17 publications

References 60 publications

Mechanism of wetting–induced deformation and failure of unsaturated soils

Mechanism of wetting–induced deformation and failure of unsaturated soils

Effect of Particle Breakage on Strength Characteristics of Limestone Aggregate

Influence of Drying–Wetting Cycles on the Water Retention and Microstructure of Residual Soil

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