This research aims to compare fresh biochar and NPK-enriched biochar and their decomposition levels and nutrient absorption efficiency in acid soil with soybean. Factorial randomized block design was used in this experiment and consisted of two factors. The first factor, biochar source, comprised four levels: B0: biochar without NPK, B1: rice straw biochar + NPK, B2: soybean straw biochar + NPK, and B3: wood biochar + NPK. The second factor, biochar enrichment, comprised four levels: D1: 0.5 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, D2: 2.5 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, D3: 5.0 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>, and D4: 10 tons ha<sup>-1</sup>. Each treatment was replicated three times, yielding 48 experiment units. The results showed that biochar enrichment with NPK affected the decomposition level. The percentage of increasing decomposition in enriched wood biochar (0.09%) was lower than rice (0.28%) and soybean (0.53%) straw biochar. An increase in NPK absorbance efficiency and soybean dry weight was evident in NPK-enriched biochar. The highest N absorbance efficiency occurred in wood biochar (21%), followed by soybean and rice straw biochar, respectively, while the highest P and K absorbances were found in rice straw biochar (35% and 26%, respectively), followed by wood and then soybean biochar.
Freshwater fish diversity is the number of fish species found in freshwater areas. This research is an exploratory study aimed at the diversity of freshwater fish in the Sanenrejo and Wonoasri Resort’s Rivers of Meru Betiri National Park. Fishes were caught using gill nets with mesh sizes 0.5 inch and handnet The level of diversity of freshwater fish in the Sanenrejo and Wonoasri Resorts is classified as being moderate with the diversity index values in the Sanenrejo and Wonoasri Resorts respectively 1.5902 and 2.2323 while the overall index value is 2.4102. Freshwater fish found consisted of 15 species, namely: Barbodes binotatus, Trichopodus trichopterus, Neovespicula depressifrons, Rasbora lateristriata, Planiliza subviridis, Orechromis niloticus, Eleotris melanosoma, Dermogenys pusilla, Periopthalmus argentilineatus, Pterygoplichthys pardalis, Channa gachua, Butis butis, Nemacheilus fasciatus, Siycopterus cyanocephalus, and Monopterus albus.
Strengthening STEM-oriented learning is necessary for 21st century, so the development of appropriate learning models must be carried out. The aimed to of this study were analized validity, effectiveness, and practicality of STEM-based Team Games and Tournament (TGT) learning model towards the students' science process skills. This research was research and development (R&D) with a 4-D development namely; Defining, Designing, Developing, and Disseminating. The study involved 2 experts as validators, 2 teachers as user, and 112 students in small-scale tests, large-scale tests, and distribution tests in SMA. The research was done until the stage of disseminating and produced. The results showed the validity value of 83% was categorized as very valid, the effectiveness score of 83.9% was categorized as good, and the practicality score was 87.5%, so that it was declared valid, effective, and practical to improve the science process skills. Therefore, it is recommended to be applied in schools.
Results of previous research have proven that soil organic matter (humic and biochar compounds) can increase and maintain soil fertility and protect environmental resilience. The purpose of this study was to increase the abundance of microorganisms in young soil (regosol) with biopelet fertilizer composed of a combination of biochar, chicken manure, and shrimp waste to improve soil fertility. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with two factors, namely the composition and dosage of biopelets. The compositions of biopelet were 70% biochar, 15% chicken manure and 15% fish waste (B1); 50% biochar, 25% chicken manure and 25 % fish waste (B2): and 20% biochar, 40% chicken manure and 40% fish waste (B3). The dosage used was four levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 t/ha).The results showed that the application of biopelet fertilizer to the regosol soil reduced soil pH from slightly alkaline to near neutral, and the addition of up to 10 t biopelet/ha increased soil organic C content from 1.17% to 1.72%, as well as increasing the availability of N, P, and K nutrients. Improvement in pH, organic-C, and soil macronutrients was followed by an increase in the abundance of soil microorganisms, especially bacteria.
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