Limnological features of two permanent, closed, coastal dune lakes that are
separated by only about 400 m are reported. The depth of Lake Windermere
fluctuated by about 7 m during this study (1982- 1988); however, fluctuations
up to 15 m were observed between 1970 and 1988. Lake Windermere is
exposed to wind mixing, is transparent and is usually mixed, or only weakly
stratified. Lake McKenzie is semi-perched, darkly coloured and strongly
stratified with an anoxic hypolimnion during summer. It is about one fifth
of the surface area and half the depth of Lake Windermere and protected
from wind mixing. Both lakes are acidic and have low salinity, and the
dominant ions are sodium and chloride probably from precipitation of
marine aerosols. Oxygen depletion in the hypolimnion of both lakes indicates
a substantial organic load, the source of which is allochthonous material from
the catchment rather than autochthonous material. Lake Windermere had higher
densities of zooplankton (mostly Calamoecia tasmanica) than Lake McKenzie,
but the latter lake had higher numbers of the predaceous Chaoborus sp. Lake
McKenzie had higher invertebrate densities than Lake Windermere and these
fluctuated widely between years, corresponding with variation in rainfall. Mayflies
and chironomids were numerically dominant in Lake McKenzie, and caddisflies
and chironomids were numerically dominant in Lake Windermere. Turtle and
odonate predators were more common in Lake McKenzie than in Lake Windermere.
It is postulated that biological interactions are more important in shaping the communities
in Lake McKenzie and physical factors such as wave action are more important in Lake Windermere.
A review of the nature and accumulation of arsenic in marine organisms is presented. A study of the literature has revealed a lack of information about the mechanisms of uptake, molecular transformations, and biochemical associations of arsenic within organisms, and it remains unclear whether a few forms of arsenic are ubiquitous. The arsenic forms present in marine sediments and their role in the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic are also largely unknown.
Determination of aromatic hydrocarbons in coastal waters, using solvent extraction and fluorescence emission analysis, shows wide distribution of fuel oils with only a small contribution from crude oil. Oil concentrations are reported as equivalent amounts of m-terphenyl (T) or pyrene (P). Observed concentrations in Port Phillip Bay are generally 0.2-0.3 pg l-1 (T) and 0.1-0.2 pg l-1 (P), with higher values in Corio Bay and the Yarra River estuary.
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