The root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus brachyurus) is one of the main phytosanitary problems of cotton plants in Brazil. Searching for alternatives that minimize the damages in the crop, several methods are performed aiming to manage these damages. Among them, is the use of vegetal extracts. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of black angico extract (Anadenanthera macrocarpa) in the management of P. brachyurus in cotton crop. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Phytopathology Laboratory of the Federal University of Piauí in Bom Jesus-PI. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial scheme (2×6), composed of two sources of extracts (leaf and bark) of black angico under six concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 g L-1), with five replications per treatment. The plants were inoculated with 1900 specimen/juveniles and eggs, 96 h after the transplanting. Sixty days after the application of extracts, some agronomic variables of the cotton and P. brachyurus were evaluated. The volume and fresh root mass showed considerable gains for all concentrations with the leaf extract. The plant height was negatively influenced by concentrations above 60.83 g L-1 for both extracts. Regarding the parasitism, all the extract concentrations, regardless of the source (leaf or bark), showed suppressiveness to P. brachyurus. Therefore, the aqueous extracts of black angico present nematicidal action and favor the development of cotton plants.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the interference resulting from the use of different phytomass quantities of Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Marandu and the management of straw to control beggar-ticks (Bidens subalternans). The experiment was performed under greenhouse from May to August, 2014, using a randomized block experimental design with four replicates, in a factorial scheme (3 × 4) + 1, with Factor A constituted by three management methods (incorporated, incorporated+surface and surface), and Factor B constituted by five straw levels (3; 6; 9 and 12 t ha-1), plus one treatment without the usage of any cover plant (control treatment). The variables evaluated were the total number of plants emerged, the index of emergence velocity, dry phytomass of the aerial plant portion, leaf area, dry phytomass of roots and the volume of roots. Different management methods at different straw levels were efficient, with an emphasis to the surface management in the suppression of beggar-ticks (B. subalternans).
Nematodes are obligatory parasites that compromise agricultural production worldwide. The use of alternative methods to replace the chemical pesticides in the control of this pest is increasingly growing, due to its pollution to the environment. In order to evaluate the biocidal effect of plant extracts, combinations of extracts of Neem (Azadirachta indica), croton (Croton campestris) and manioc (Manihot esculenta) were used in the control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants. The extracts were obtained from dried leaves and exposed to cold extraction with ethanol, under reduced pressure, with the aid of rotaevaporador. The application of the treatments took place 72 h after inoculation of suspension with 4,000 eggs/juveniles in the region of the root. Extracts from croton and cassava promoted plant height in the order of 26.75 and 34.50%, respectively; while neem extract inhibited the numbers of nematode juveniles in the root (51.34%), croton (50.85%), and manioc (41.31%). As for juveniles in the soil, only 47.33% was reduced in cassava. However, the mix of the extracts potentiated the effects on improvement of growth parameters and reduction of nematode parasitism.
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