Percutaneous angioplasty is a well-established method of treating arterial stenoses and occlusions in various regions. In the carotid area this technique is still under discussion. The successful application of angioplasty in eight patients with carotid artery stenoses is reported.
We evaluated the expression of MDR1/p-glycoprotein in paediatric tumours using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), RNA dot blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed paraffin-embedded material with JSB-1 and C-219 monoclonal antibodies, and compared these three techniques. The expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) gene was examined by RT-PCR assay. We studied MDR1/p-glycoprotein and MRP expression in 13 samples from 10 neuroblastoma patients, 11 samples from 10 nephroblastoma patients, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma and 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions. Eleven of 13 neuroblastomas, 7 of 11 nephroblastomas, 2 rhabdomyosarcomas, 1 adrenocortical carcinoma, and 7 of 10 benign tumours or tumour-like lesions showed MDR1 PCR products. By RNA dot blot analysis, MDR1 transcripts were detectable in 11 of 34 specimens. Immunohistochemically, we detected positive reaction products for JSB-1 in 26 of 36 samples. There was a significant correlation between the immunoreactivity for JSB-1 and the expression of MDR1 mRNA expression by RT-PCR (P = 0.0001). However, the presence of p-glycoprotein immunostaining does not correlate with the MDR1 expression shown by RT-PCR in every case. As for MRP mRNA expression, 9 of 13 neuroblastomas and 10 of 11 nephroblastomas revealed PCR products.
Bone cysts, in particular solitary bone cysts, are the most frequent cause of pathological fractures in children. However, there is still a great variety of regimens used to treat these lesions. Since demineralised bone matrix (DBM) is commercially available, we aimed to use this material for the consolidation of bones diagnosed as fragile because of cyst formation. Each of the 7 bone cysts as well as one enchondroma filled with DBM showed a continuous decrease in bone transparency over a period of two years (mean 8 months). A significant decrease in bone transparency and simultaneous cortical remodelling was radiographically detected in these cases as the specific hallmark of an initiated graft incorporation after 3 to 4 months. It was demonstrated that it is possible to heal children within an acceptable period of time using DBM to fill the cystic lesion. DBM appears to be a reasonable and beneficial alternative for the treatment of bone cysts offering both osteoinduction and osteoconductive features.
Because of the marked elasticity of healthy blood vessels in children and adolescents, vascular trauma is very rare. In penetrating injuries, arteriography is not usually necessary but this procedure is essential in cases of blunt trauma to the blood vessels. The type of reconstructive procedure depends on the injury and its extent and can be performed by direct vascular anastomosis, by the insertion of a vein patch or by the transplantation of an autogenic venous segment. General anaesthesia is usually essential. Interrupted one-layer end-to-end anastomosis is advocated. The surgical technique of vascular repair must be meticulous. 12 children and adolescents (most of them had severe multiple injuries including vascular injuries) were followed up clinically and via arteriography. In 11 patients, the reconstructed vessels were found to be functioning normally.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.