Experiments have shown that metals can be electrothinned and electrodeposited more uniformly if the electrolysis is performed in a magnetic field. In addition, the resistance of electrolytic cells is reduced in a magnetic field. These effects have been characterized for various orientations and strengths of the electric and magnetic fields.In an earlier, preliminary report, some results were presented to show that the application of magnetic fields during electrolysis increases the uniformity of anodic dissolution of metals (1). These studies have been continued in order to investigate both anode and cathode processes for additional orientations and strengths of the electric fields (E) and magnetic fields (B) and other types of electrodes and electrolytes. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the circuit used for electrolysis. The constant current device was used to compensate automatically for changes in resistance of the electrolytic cell. In this way it was possible to maintain constant current during electrolysis and thus to follow the changes in cell resistance by means of the voltage-time recorder. The cell with the electrode arrangement used for the initial electrothinning experiments is shown in Fig. 2. Later experiments were performed with a plate disk cathode, shown in Fig. 3, which also shows the schematic positioning of the electrolytic cell between the polepieces of the 4 in. electromagnet, used for all experiments. Still other Key words: electrothinning, eleetrodeposition, magnetic fields. experiments were performed with a 19 mm ID cylindrical cathode surrounding the sample (anode). Experimental Methods and ResultsExperiments with the cell of Fig. 2 on A1-3.4 atomic per cent (a/o) Zn were performed at various applied magnetic field strengths in order to determine the minimum B required to produce relatively large electron-transparent films. As previously described (1), the 0.1 mm thick samples used for these experiments were in the solution-treated and air-cooled condition. The electrolyte consisted of 33 volume per cent (v/o) conc HNO3 and 67 v/o methyl alcohol. This was cooled to --13~ prior to each experiment. Current was maintained at 0.075A during every experiment. Thus, the initial current density was approximately the same for all experiments (about 0.25 A/cm2). No insulating lacquer was used for edge protection during electrolysis. After electrothining, profiles were obtained by mounting the samples on clear glass in the object plane of a photographic enlarger and recording the patterns of transmitted light on printing paper.The results obtained with B of increasing strength applied normal to the plane of the sample are shown in Fig. 4. Without an applied B, thinning is concentrated at the air-electrolyte interface, and perforation first occurs here. Application of B during the process lowers the air-electrolyte interface and causes the POTENTIAL SOURCE m I ,-I CA) I RECORDER J CONSTANT CURRENT DEVICE VOLTAGE DIVIDER 8.5 VOJ.TS 4-4 VOLTS ~ OUTPUT Fig. 1. (a) Schematic diagram of the circuit used for ...
Versuche an einer Al‐Zn‐Legierung in HNO3 und an Cu in CuSO4 zeigen, daß Metalle gleichförmiger abgetragen oder abgeschieden werden können, wenn die Elektrolyse in einem magnetischen Feld durchgeführt wird.
A previous report described the influence of magnetic fields (B) on the process of electrothinning of metals. Stirring effects observed at the cathodes of the cells during these experiments suggested that applied B might affect significant changes in the characteristics of electrodeposits. This was investigated for the deposition of Cu from CuSo4 - saturated H2O solutions. The substrates used for deposition were double, 3mm diameter Cu grids. Experiments with the grids suspended at several different orientations with respect to the applied B have shown that significant changes in the morphology of the deposits can be produced. For example, with a Cu grid suspended horizontally in the electrolyte and B = 7.4 k G applied parallel to the plane of the grid, the original square shape of the grid openings is retained to a much greater extent (Fig. 1a) in comparison to the results obtained without applied B (Fig. 1b).
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