The instrumentation in Hall A at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility was designed to study electro-and photo-induced reactions at very high luminosity and good momentum and angular resolution for at least one of the reaction products. The central components of Hall A are two identical high resolution spectrometers, which allow the vertical drift chambers in the focal plane to provide a momentum resolution of better than 2 x 10(-4). A variety of Cherenkov counters, scintillators and lead-glass calorimeters provide excellent particle identification. The facility has been operated successfully at a luminosity well in excess of 10(38) CM-2 s(-1). The research program is aimed at a variety of subjects, including nucleon structure functions, nucleon form factors and properties of the nuclear medium. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

This study draws on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,032), a birth cohort study of families with children from 20 U.S. cities. Interviews occurred between August 2007, and February 2010, when the children were approximately 9 years old. Macro-economic indicators of the Great Recession such as the Consumer Sentiment Index and unemployment and home foreclosure rates were matched to the data to estimate the links between different measures of the Great Recession and high frequency maternal spanking. We find that the large decline in consumer confidence during the Great Recession, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Index, was associated with worse parenting behavior. In particular, lower levels of consumer confidence were associated with increased levels of high frequency spanking, a parenting behavior that is associated with greater likelihood of being contacted by child protective services.

This paper examines the association between the Great Recession and four measures of the risk for maternal child abuse and neglect: (1) maternal physical aggression; (2) maternal psychological aggression; (3) physical neglect by mothers; and (4) supervisory/exposure neglect by mothers. It draws on rich longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a longitudinal birth cohort study of families in 20 U.S. cities (N = 3,177; 50% African American, 25% Hispanic; 22% non-Hispanic white; 3% other). The study collected information for the 9-year follow-up survey before, during, and after the Great Recession (2007-2010). Interview dates were linked to two macroeconomic measures of the Great Recession: the national Consumer Sentiment Index and the local unemployment rate. Also included are a wide range of socio-demographic controls, as well as city fixed effects and controls for prior parenting. Results indicate that the Great Recession was associated with increased risk of child abuse but decreased risk of child neglect. Households with social fathers present may have been particularly adversely affected. Results also indicate that economic uncertainty during the Great Recession, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Index and the unemployment rate, had direct effects on the risk of abuse or neglect, which were not mediated by individual-level measures of economic hardship or poor mental health.

Substantially more than half of the electromagnetic nuclear physics experiments conducted at the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility of the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Laboratory) require highly polarized electron beams, often at high average current. Spinpolarized electrons are produced by photoemission from various GaAs-based semiconductor photocathodes, using circularly polarized laser light with photon energy slightly larger than the semiconductor band gap. The photocathodes are prepared by activation of the clean semiconductor surface to negative electron affinity using cesium and oxidation. Historically, in many laboratories worldwide, these photocathodes have had short operational lifetimes at high average current, and have often deteriorated fairly quickly in ultrahigh vacuum even without electron beam delivery. At Jefferson Lab, we have developed a polarized electron source in which the photocathodes degrade exceptionally slowly without electron emission, and in which ion back bombardment is the predominant mechanism limiting the operational lifetime of the cathodes during electron emission. We have reproducibly obtained cathode 1/e dark lifetimes over two years, and 1/e charge density and charge lifetimes during electron beam delivery of over 2 10 5 C=cm 2 and 200 C, respectively. This source is able to support uninterrupted high average current polarized beam delivery to three experimental halls simultaneously for many months at a time. Many of the techniques we report here are directly applicable to the development of GaAs photoemission electron guns to deliver high average current, high brightness unpolarized beams.

Questionnaire cards were sent to 45,000 family shoe store customers; 15,000 cards were completed and returned, thereby permitting a broad statistical base in respect to the incidence and types of foot problems encountered in the United States. The incidence of corns, calluses, warts, ingrown toenails, bunions, hallux rigidus, hammer toes, cavus, and pes planus were correlated with age, sex, race, and demographic background, along with the incidence of surgery, conservative treatment, or no treatment. The extrapolated data indicated that 40% of the population have foot problems, of which 12% had surgery and 7% have been untreated.

Four components of the heart period power spectrum--ultra low frequency (less than 0.0033 Hz), very low frequency (0.0033 to less than 0.04 Hz), low frequency (0.04 to less than 0.15 Hz) and high frequency power (0.15 to 0.40 Hz)--plus total power (1.157 x 10(-5) to 0.4 Hz for a 24-h electrocardiographic [ECG] recording) all predict mortality after myocardial infarction. To determine the time course and magnitude of recovery for these measures of heart period variability, 68 patients in the Cardiac Arrhythmia Pilot Study (CAPS) placebo group who had 24-h ECG recordings at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after myocardial infarction were studied. The 24-h power spectral density was computed with use of fast Fourier transforms and divided into the four components listed previously. The values for the five frequency domain measures of heart period variability in the CAPS patients were similar to those found in 715 patients who participated in the Multicenter Post Infarction Program (MPIP), indicating that the CAPS sample is generally representative of postinfarction patients with respect to these measures. The values for the five measures were one third to one half of those found in 95 normal persons of similar age and gender. There was a substantial increase in all measures of heart period variability between the baseline 24-h ECG recording and the 3-month recording (p less than 0.001). Between 3 and 12 months, the values were quite stable for the group as a whole, as well as for individual patients (intraclass correlation coefficients greater than or equal to 0.66).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Any plastic surgery group undertaking an international mission trip should be able to go to one source to find a detailed discussion of the perceived needs in providing high-quality, safe care for children. The present document was created to satisfy this need.