This book focuses upon the clergy of the established Church in England and Wales as a professional group, and investigates their role in their parishes and society during the ‘long 18th century’ between 1680 and 1840. It concentrates on the ‘lower clergy’, that is parish clergy, and their role within the broader social context of later Stuart and Georgian society. It considers the nature of professions during the period, and examines the social backgrounds; recruitment and selection; education, at school and university or otherwise; career development; and finances of the clergy. It also investigates what they actually did in their parishes in terms of conducting worship, exercising pastoral care, and providing education in the Christian faith, and their relations with the people amongst whom they lived and worked. It takes account of changing expectations during the period, especially the pressure for, and steps towards, ‘reform’ from the 1780s onwards, and, where possible, offers comparisons with people in other professions, especially doctors, lawyers, and ministers of dissenting churches. It also considers the evidence of the accountability and acceptability of the clergy to their congregations, and the extent of anticlericalism, and the means by which they were supervised by bishops and their officers. The clergy emerge as the most carefully recruited and educated of the ‘learned professions’ with a strong supervisory role exercised by bishops, in relation to a generally responsive but not uncritical or subservient laity. The book effectively challenges the received view that the majority of the clergy were inappropriately educated, poverty-stricken, and inattentive to their canonical duties.

This article sets parochial libraries and their development in the context of the reformed Church of England and the provision of books to promote godly learning among clergy and laypeople, and investigates the evidence for how, and the extent to which, the libraries were used in the eighteenth century.

The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members' use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community.

Verf. beschreibt das von ihm für die routinemäßige Erfassung der histologischen Befunde eines großen pathologischen Instituts entwickelte Dokumentationssystem, das bei Verwendung eines bis zu 5stelligen alphabetischen Kurzschlüssels für die diagnostischen Begriffe den Vorteil der Lesbarkeit der Karten bietet. Sortiert nach dem Namen des Patienten dienen die Karten als Suchkartei und für die Beantwortung von Anfragen; ein zweiter Kartensatz dient der wissenschaftlichen Auswertung der Befunde. Die Bearbeitung des Materials erfolgt mittels eines Maul-Selektors AS 12, der die gleichzeitige Selektion von bis zu 12spaltigen Begriffen gestattet.