The present study was conducted to investigate whether individual rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss can simultaneously anticipate two daily meals, and to evaluate the influence of time-restricted feeding schedules and light-dark (L : D) cycles on the timing of self-feeding activity. Individual rainbow trout were capable of anticipating not only a single meal but also two daily meals scheduled at different times; the duration of anticipation was short and precise. This seems to be the first convincing evidence to show that a single fish can simultaneously anticipate two daily meals. Change in the onset and cessation of light did not affect the duration of food-anticipatory activity, although it led to shift the phases of the light-related self-feeding activity. Moreover, under constant light and ad lib feeding conditions, only one band of rhythmic activity was observed in individual rainbow trout that had previously developed food-anticipatory activity to each of the two daily meals.
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