t The formal reporting of the gene scurfy, apparently the first sex-linked gene to be discovered in the mouse, was, of course, long overdue, and some explanation for the delay seems in order. Although scurfy behaved, in general, like a sex-linked gene, the early, and not too infrequent, occurrence of scurfy females, here reported, raised the possibility that we were dealing, instead, with a sex-limited gene which was occasionally expressed in females. By 1951, the ovarian transplantation results had, as shown in this paper, excluded this possibility. Proof of sex-linkage was considered adequate at this time, when tabulation of the offspring from transplanted scurfy ovaries showed all of 13 sons to be scurfy. At this same time, there were 7 adequately tested daughters, all of which transmitted scurfy to half of their male offspring. This led us to the conclusion that the exceptional scurfy females might be the result of an unexpectedly high frequency of nondisjunction in their mothers. The stock was turned over to an assistant to collect about twice as much material. Owing to the pressure of other work we did not look at the augmented data until some time later, when the keen interest of Dr. Curt Stern in our apparently high frequency of non-disjunction led us to tabulate the complete data. We then found out, for the first time, that some of the more recently obtained daughters of scurfy ovaries were non-transmitters of scurfy. It was our bad luck that of the first 7 adequately tested daughters all were transmitters of scurfy, and that we consequently had no inkling that the later data would contain an exciting new problem. When this problem turned up, hypotheses 4, 5, and 6, outlined in this paper, were proposed as possible explanations. Some time before this, an exceptional female had occurred in another stock maintained by one of us (LBR), in a cross of X+Ta/X26K+ X X++/Y, and it was decided that exceptional sex-linked inheritance might be more easily analyzed in Tabby crosses, where ovarian transplantation is not necessary. The genetic and cytological results obtained with these crosses are reported in the accompanying paper.' They indicate that X1O is female, a finding which explains the exceptional females not only in the Ta crosses, but also in the old scurfy data. Thus, the remaining problem in the scurfy results has apparently been resolved, and the data are now at last presented.
ing on the "absurdity committed by the statesman who regards the individual as existing solely for the sake of the State" (10). Lenin attacked him in his Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (16). Metaphysicians attacked his philosophy, which denied them their vagaries and which he steadfastly maintained was not a philosophy but merely a convenient point of view. Even the great Max Planck attacked some of his theories (17). Today Mach is vigorously defended and discussed in the Philosophical Review and Physical Review.Of Mach's philosophy, Richard von Mises (2, pp. 81-82) has given a clear interpretation:Mach does not start out to analyze statements, systems of sentences or theories, but rather the world of phenomena itself. His elements are not the simplest sentences, and hence the building stones of theories, but rather-at least according to his way of speaking-the simplest facts, phenomena, and events of which the world in which we live and which we know is composed. The world open to our observation and experience consists of "colors, sounds, warmths, pressures, spaces, times, etc." and their compounds in greater and smaller complexes. All we make statements and assertions about, or formulate questions and answers to, are the relations in which these elements stand to each other. That is Mach's point of view.Ernst Mach died at Haar, near Munich, on the day after his 78th birthday in 1916. He had retired from the University of Vienna in 1901, having suffered a stroke, and had ing on the "absurdity committed by the statesman who regards the individual as existing solely for the sake of the State" (10). Lenin attacked him in his Materialism and Empirio-Criticism (16). Metaphysicians attacked his philosophy, which denied them their vagaries and which he steadfastly maintained was not a philosophy but merely a convenient point of view. Even the great Max Planck attacked some of his theories (17). Today Mach is vigorously defended and discussed in the Philosophical Review and Physical Review.Of Mach's philosophy, Richard von Mises (2, pp. 81-82) has given a clear interpretation:Mach does not start out to analyze statements, systems of sentences or theories, but rather the world of phenomena itself. His elements are not the simplest sentences, and hence the building stones of theories, but rather-at least according to his way of speaking-the simplest facts, phenomena, and events of which the world in which we live and which we know is composed. The world open to our observation and experience consists of "colors, sounds, warmths, pressures, spaces, times, etc." and their compounds in greater and smaller complexes. All we make statements and assertions about, or formulate questions and answers to, are the relations in which these elements stand to each other. That is Mach's point of view.Ernst Mach died at Haar, near Munich, on the day after his 78th birthday in 1916. He had retired from the University of Vienna in 1901, having suffered a stroke, and had spent his remaining years in Munich. The world came to him by mail...
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