Because of high exposure (e. g. swimmers and athletes competing on mats) and disposition (e. g. microtraumata of the skin in runners) athletes are prone to a higher risk for mycotic infections by dermatophytes. In disciplines with close contact during competition-especially wrestlers and judoists-infections by the anthropophilic Trichophyton (T.) tonsurans are most important (tinea gladiatorum). These infections are highly contagious and often cause small epidemics especially if the primary source of infection is not promptly recognized. The environment of the athletes (e. g. mats) and asymptomatic carriers may be sources of further spread. Tinea pedis with its clinical manifestations seems to be often underdiagnosed and insufficiently treated. Environmental contamination by fungal spores may be responsible for the significantly higher level of mycotic infections of the feet in children and adolescents active in sports. There is a higher risk for spread of the infection to the toe nails (onychomycosis) and for consecutive infections by bacteria (e. g. erysipelas). More rarely infections by zoophilic or geophilic dermatophytes are seen in athletes (e.g. equestrians). Education and more intensive measures of prevention and environmental decontamination are essential for all dermatophytoses associated with sports.
EinleitungDas Erythema nodosum (EN) ist eine eher seltene Hauterkran− kung mit einem charakteristischen klinischen Bild. Trotzdem sind diverse Differenzialdiagnosen zu bedenken und nicht immer leicht abzutrennen. Es handelt sich um eine ¹polyätiologische" Entzündung des subkutanen Fettgewebes, also eine Pannikulitis. Beim konkreten Patienten denkt der Dermatologe an einige we− sentliche auslösende Faktoren, unter diesen spielen die Infektio− nen die entscheidende Rolle, daneben kommen Medikamente, chronisch entzündliche Krankheiten und Malignome in Betracht. Die ganze Breite der Palette der bisher mit einem EN assoziierten infektiösen und nicht−infektiösen Faktoren und Krankheiten ist jedoch erstaunlich groß und kaum noch zu übersehen. EpidemiologieDie 20 ± 40−Jährigen bilden die typische Altersgruppe für das EN, Kinder erkranken selten [10,15,20,25,32,46,62]. Die meisten Er− krankungen betreffen das weibliche Geschlecht, das Verhältnis männlich zu weiblich beträgt 1 : 3 (− 10), bei Kindern etwa 1 : 1. AbstractErythema nodosum is an inflammatory process in the lower lay− ers of the dermis and in the septal portions of the subcutaneous fat tissue (panniculitis), representing an immune reaction to many different antigenic stimuli. The aim of this paper is to give a short review of epidemiology, etiopathology, clinical symp− toms and signs, diagnostics, differential diagnosis and therapy of erythema nodosum. Übersicht 504Dieses Dokument wurde zum persönlichen Gebrauch heruntergeladen. Vervielfältigung nur mit Zustimmung des Verlages.
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