There are many different mathematical models that can be used to describe relations between energy machines in the power-split hybrid drive system. Usually, they are created based on simulations or measurements in bench (laboratory) conditions. In that sense, however, these are the idealized conditions. It is not known how the internal combustion engine and electrical machines work in real road conditions, especially during acceleration. This motivated the authors to set the goal of solving this research problem. The solution was to implement and develop the model predictive control (MPC) method for driving modes (electric, normal) of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a power-split drive system. According to the adopted mathematical model, after determining the type of model and its structure, the measurements were performed. There were carried out as road tests in two driving modes of the hybrid electric vehicle: electric and normal. The measurements focused on the internal combustion engine and electrical machines parameters (torque, rotational speed and power), state of charge of electrochemical accumulator system and equivalent fuel consumption (expressed as a cost function). The operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and electric machines during hybrid electric vehicle acceleration assume the maximum values in the entire range (corresponding to the set vehicle speeds). The process of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 47 km/h in the electric mode lasted for 12 s and was transferred into the equivalent fuel consumption value of 5.03 g. The acceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle from 0 to 47 km/h in the normal mode lasted 4.5 s and was transferred to the value of 4.23 g. The hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 90 km/h in the normal mode lasted 11 s and corresponded to the cost function value of 26.43 g. The presented results show how the fundamental importance of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration process with a fully depressed gas pedal is (in these conditions the selected driving mode is a little importance).
Combustion engines are commonly used in car propulsion systems. They belong to a group of heat engines, i.e. those that convert the heat obtained from combustion of liquid or gaseous fuels into mechanical work. Engine parameters, such as power output (P d), torque (T tq) and adaptability to variable traffic [motion] conditions, represent vehicle motion and its functional properties. The torque (T tq) and the crankshaft speed (n) are measured directly with the use of dynamometer at specific measurement conditions but the power (P d) is determined indirectly. The relationships between these parameters are presented using external characteristics. They allow determination of engine adaptability to changes in the resistance to motion, i.e. its flexibility (E). In the paper, flexibility and analytical determination of the power and torque curves through application of Leidemann's formulas are discussed. Results of the research conducted with the use of turbocharged compressionignition engine equipped with Common Rail fuel system are presented. The correlation between the power and torque curves based on Leidemann's formulas and the real curves obtained on the basis of experimental research (with application of engine dynamometer) are verified. Finally, evaluation of the method applied for determining the power curves by the speed range of FIAT 1.3 JTD engine was made.
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