Modeling of Working Machines Synergy in the Process of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle Acceleration

Abstract

There are many different mathematical models that can be used to describe relations between energy machines in the power-split hybrid drive system. Usually, they are created based on simulations or measurements in bench (laboratory) conditions. In that sense, however, these are the idealized conditions. It is not known how the internal combustion engine and electrical machines work in real road conditions, especially during acceleration. This motivated the authors to set the goal of solving this research problem. The solution was to implement and develop the model predictive control (MPC) method for driving modes (electric, normal) of a hybrid electric vehicle equipped with a power-split drive system. According to the adopted mathematical model, after determining the type of model and its structure, the measurements were performed. There were carried out as road tests in two driving modes of the hybrid electric vehicle: electric and normal. The measurements focused on the internal combustion engine and electrical machines parameters (torque, rotational speed and power), state of charge of electrochemical accumulator system and equivalent fuel consumption (expressed as a cost function). The operating parameters of the internal combustion engine and electric machines during hybrid electric vehicle acceleration assume the maximum values in the entire range (corresponding to the set vehicle speeds). The process of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 47 km/h in the electric mode lasted for 12 s and was transferred into the equivalent fuel consumption value of 5.03 g. The acceleration of the hybrid electric vehicle from 0 to 47 km/h in the normal mode lasted 4.5 s and was transferred to the value of 4.23 g. The hybrid electric vehicle acceleration from 0 to 90 km/h in the normal mode lasted 11 s and corresponded to the cost function value of 26.43 g. The presented results show how the fundamental importance of the hybrid electric vehicle acceleration process with a fully depressed gas pedal is (in these conditions the selected driving mode is a little importance).

Intelligent Networked Hybrid Electric Vehicle Optimization Using a Linearized Ecms Control Algorithm

“…Meanwhile, they have changed the equivalent factor value according to the current SOC state and its upper and lower limit [9]. The real vehicle test results have confirmed that the ECMS algorithm with known working conditions can achieve a better fuel-saving effect through the comparison between the influence of known driving conditions and unknown driving conditions on the ECMS algorithm [10].…”

“…Based on the equivalent voltage and current, the simplified ECMS optimization problem can be expressed as in equation ( 10). (10) In equation (10), denotes the equivalent power of ECMS, μ stands for the equivalent voltage related to the equivalent power corresponding to the unit current of the battery, and λ represents the equivalent factor of WL-ECMS.…”

Wear Resistance of Spark Ignition Engine Piston Rings in Hydrogen-Containing Environments

“…Numerous studies [1][2][3][4][5][14][15][16][17][18]35,36] of hydrogen wear of the cylinder-piston group of internal combustion engines have shown the dominant role of both technological (internal) and operational (external hydrogen) in the wear of piston rings. The determination of the content of hydrogen in the parts was carried out by vacuum extraction.…”

Development of a Resolver-to-Digital Converter Based on Second-Order Difference Generalized Predictive Control

“…An augmented model of the plant is used to predict the plant responses. In recent works, predictive control is applied in driving systems [37][38][39], microgrids [40][41][42], HVAC systems [43,44], and other applications.…”