part of the work, attention was given only to the establishment of general principles and no attempt wras made to learn details.
CONCLUSIONS REGARDINGTHE PREPARATION OF TRI-NITROTOLUENE 1-Trinitrotoluene, of a satisfactory degree of purity, may be prepared from the mononitrotoluene obtained by the nitration of the toluene-paraffinolefin mixtures produced by the fractionation of "cracked" petroleum.2-From the laboratory point of view, at least, the poly-stage process seems best. The transformation from mono-to di-product should involve a fair degree of heating and a moderate concentration of acid. The final stage of the nitration should be conducted with a considerable excess of strong acid, which acid need not be wasted since when drawn off it may be used in an earlier stage of the next cycle of nitration. GENERAL SUMMARY I-The aromatic hydrocarbons produced by the "cracking" of petroleum may be utilized for the preparation of nitro-producís without being brought to a high degree of purity. The foreign substances not easily removable are paraffins and these are not affected by reagents of sufficient vigor to transform
THE JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL AND ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY oils of Borneo, Sumatra and Java are relatively rich in light aromatic compounds, but low in nitrogen. The latter oils, however, are very light and fluid and very different from the heavy pitch-like oils of California and Mexico, and it has been frequently suggested that these light fluid oils have been purified by filtration through porous strata. Such light, supposedly filtered, crudes are low in sulfur as well as Fig. V-Fractional Distillation of Gasoline Made by Cracking under 100 Lbs. Pressure nitrogen. Thus the converse of the above statement does not hold, probably for the reasons just indicated.Another noteworthy feature of gasoline made by cracking under a pressure of 100 lbs. is that normal paraffine hydrocarbons appear to be the predominating constituents. The amount of isopentane exceeds that of normal pentane but the hexane and heptane fractions appear to consist chiefly of the normal paraffines. These facts are brought out by Fig. V, repre-
In the course of the commercial development of the vapor-phase cracking process for the production of benzene and toluene from petroleum, numerous chemical problems have arisen. One of the most
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