Aim-To detect the presence or absence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in cervical lesions ranging from normality to invasive malignancy. Methods EBV. In these, however, the evidence is less conclusive and the consistency of the association has yet to be established.Invasive carcinoma of the cervix is one of the commonest malignant tumours of the female genital tract. Much controversy surrounds its aetiology. The possibility of a sexually transmissible infectious carcinogen in the genesis of cervical neoplasia has received widespread attention. Possible agents include the herpes viruses, Chlamydia trachomatis, the human papillomaviruses (HPV), especially types 16 and 18, and cytomegalovirus.The association between EBV and the human uterine cervix is, as yet, not very well defined. Sixbey et al showed that cultured ectocervical epithelial cells can be infected with EBV.' These authors also showed late viral antigens and EBV DNA in the exfoliating cells but not in the attached epithelial monolayer, thus suggesting an association between viral replication and epithelial differentiation. Infectious EBV capable of transforming B lymphocytes has been isolated from cervical washings from women recovering from infectious mononucleosis and from EBV seropositive women who had no clinical or serological evidence of acute EBV infection.9 This suggests that the cervix could be a site for chronic viral shedding in a manner similar to that which occurs in the nasopharynx. These studies show both in vitro and in vivo evidence for EBV replication in the cervix. In contrast to the nasopharynx, where there is a close association between epithelial and lymphoid tissues, no such association exists in the cervix, suggesting that cervical epithelium may be a primary site of EBV infection.
SYNOPSIS A study of lymphoid-glandular complexes of the large bowel has been undertaken. Sections from 1924 surgical colectomy and proctocolectomy specimens were examined, and lymphoid-glandular complexes were observed in 231. It has been shown that they are distributed throughout the large bowel and occur in all age groups and in normal and disease states. An analogy has been drawn between them, the palatine tonsils, and the bursa of Fabricius. It is concluded that the lymphoid-glandular complex is, most probably, a normal structural entity of the large bowel and that it acts as a local receptor of antigenic material for future immune recognition. It is suggested that microbursa rather than lymphoid-glandular complex is a more apt name for this structure.The lymphoid tissue of the colon is distributed as lymphoid nodules or aggregates in close apposition to the muscularis mucosae, either below it in the upper part of the submucosa, above it in the lamina propria, lying between its muscle fibres or filling gaps in its substance. The overlying mucosa may be seen, at times, to protrude through these gaps in the muscularis mucosae to a variable extent in close association with the underlying lymphoid nodule with which it forms an intimate lymphoid-glandular (L-G) complex (fig 1). Clark (1969Clark ( , 1970 described similar structures, referring to them as microdiverticula, and he discussed their importance in relation to granulomatous ileocolitis and ulcerative colitis. Dyson (1975) referred to them as glandular hemiations and described a possible mode of their development in ulcerative colitis.A study of L-G complexes of the large bowel has been undertaken in an effort to determine the nature of these structures. MethodsStandard blocks for section, about 4 cm in length, were taken from the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid regions of necropsy specimens of colon but autolysis hindered detailed examination, a point stressed by Lumb (1960), and this method was abandoned.Received for publication 4 September 1975 241Alternatively, sections from surgical partial and total colectomy and proctocolectomy specimens at King's College Hospital and Kingston Hospital were studied, covering the years 1965-74 and 1958-74 respectively, and examined for the presence of L-G complexes. The site of excision, age, sex, and pathological diagnosis of each specimen were noted from surgical reports, day books, and, when necessary, from case notes. ResultsAltogether sections from 1924 specimens were examined. One or more L-G complexes were found in sections from 231 specimens. Of these, 33 were present in specimens of caecum and ascending colon, nine in specimens of transverse colon, and 172 in specimens of descending colon and rectum. L-G complexes were present in 17 total colectomy specimens but the sites from which the blocks were taken were not ascertainable. The distribution of L-G complexes and the number of each type of specimen examined are shown in the table. Of the 17 total colectomy specimens showing L-G complex...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.