The ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of small organic anions with valencies up to -3 is investigated in this study. Provided the anions are not too aspherical, it is argued that shape and charge distribution have little influence on mobility. To a good approximation, the electrophoretic mobility of a small particle should be equal to that of a model sphere with the same hydrodynamic radius and same net charge. For small ions, the relaxation effect (distortion of the ion atmosphere from equilibrium due to external electric and flow fields) is significant even for monovalent ions. Alternative procedures of accounting for the relaxation effect are examined. In order to account for the ionic strength dependence of a specific set of nonaromatic and aromatic anions in aqueous solution, it is necessary to include complex formation between the anion with species in the BGE. A number of possible complexes are considered. When the BGE is Tris-acetate, the most important of these involves the complex formed between anion and Tris, the principle cation in the BGE. When the BGE is sodium borate, an anion-anion (borate) complex appears to be important, at least when the organic anion is monovalent. An algorithm is developed to analyze the ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility. This algorithm is applied to two sets of organic anions from two independent research groups.

In this paper mechanical parameters of tin-lead and lead-free microelectronic solder materials will be determined. Specifically, the emphasis is on SnPb37 and SnAg3.8Cu0.7Bi2. The investigation is based on an experimental technique known as the small punch test (SPT) using different SPT displacement rates in combination with an appropriate numerical non-linear Finite Element (FE) analysis. The elastic-plastic creep characteristics of solder materials are modeled and investigated.

The role of hydroxyl group in cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds has been studied as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.6 M chloride solution. The results show that the surfaces of mild steel coupons exposed to solutions containing inhibitors had no signs of corrosion attack due to protective film formation, whereas the surface of mild steel coupons exposed to non-inhibitor containing solutions was severely corroded. Cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds showed as a better inhibitor for AS1020 steel at higher concentration. The addition of Cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds form protective film layer and improves the protective film and charge transfer resistance which plays an importance role in corrosion properties. A high inhibition performance is attributed to the forming protective inhibiting deposits that slow down the electrochemical corrosion reactions. The results also indicated that the position of hydroxyl group in cerium hydroxycinnamate significantly effect to the inhibition performance of mild steel in chloride ion media.

This study investigated the combination of Aganonerion Polymorphum leaf extraction (APLE) and Titania nanoparticles (TNPs) as main and synergy inhibitor for steel in ethanol fuel blend. APLE has been extracted from soxhlet apparatus, and the APLE components were checked by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TNPs with various sizes were synthesized by sol-gel route from tetraisopropyl orthotitanate precursor. TNPs sizes were calculated by Scherrer’s formula from X-ray diffraction pattern and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immersion test was taken in simulated fuel environment followed ASTM standards. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that APLE established a good adherent protective layer onto the steel surface, which would have been better with TNPs. Tafel fitting from potentiodynamic measurement had a good agreement with EIS data and shown higher corrosion potential and polarization resistance, as well as lower corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the co-inhibiting system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy manifested the significant decrease of Fe peaks intensity and the significant increase of C1s and Ti2p peaks from specimens without to one with the inhibitors, that confirmed the inhibiting effectiveness of APLE and TNPs. Finally, SEM images designated smoother surface of specimens submerged in the co-inhibiting system that strengthen those remarks above. Figure 1

Sb doped tin oxide films (ATO) were fabricated on Quart glasses from (SnO2 + Sb2O3) mixture ceramic target by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering in Ar ambient gas at working pressure of 2.10-3 torr. X ray diffraction (XRD), Hall - effect measurements and UV-vis spectra were performed to characterize the deposited films. The substrate temperature of films was investigated for two ways. Films were annealed in Ar ambient gas after deposited at room temperature in one way. They were deposited directly with different temperatures in the other. It is found that the fabricated of ATO films in the first way was easier than the other. Deposited films showed p type electrical property, polycrystalline tetragonal rutile structure and their average transmittance was above 80 % in visible light range at the optimum annealing temperature of 500oC. The best electrical properties of film were obtained on 10 %wt Sb2O3 doped SnO2 target with its resistivity, hole concentration and Hall mobility are 0.55 Ω.cm, 1.2.1019 cm-3 and 0.54 cm2V-1s-1, respectively.

The performance of rare earth 4-hydroxycinnamate (RE(4OHCin)3) inhibitor in CO2 corrosion has been studied by electrochemical and surface analyses. AS1020 and X65 steels with different microstructures have been used in a saturated CO2 0.01 M NaCl solution at room temperature and pH 4. The results showed that X65 steel has a better corrosion resistance than the AS1020 steel in saturated CO2 0.01 M NaCl solution. In contrast, RE(4OHCin)3 has more effective carbon dioxide inhibition for AS1020 compared with X65. The same inhibition mechanism has been proposed for the formation of protective inhibiting deposits at the active electrochemical corrosion sites in addition to a thinner surface film deposit on the surface and RE(4OHCin)3 mitigates corrosion by promoting random distribution of minor anodes.

In this study, the anti-corrosion capability of Houttuynia cordata leaf extract (HLE) in HCl 0.1 M on mild steel was investigated by electrochemical testing methods consisting of potentiodynamic polarization (PD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization resistance (LPR), and surface analysis including scanning electron microscope (SEM), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed an increase in corrosion resistance of steel with increasing HLE concentration and suggested that its action as a mixed-type inhibitor, resulting in excellent inhibition efficient of HLE on steel surface and lower corrosion rate. Surface analysis exhibited profoundly influential impact of HSL components for improving steel surface protection by protective film formation via adsorption process of HLE components. The steel surface protection mechanism was also provided and discussed in detail.

In this work, the CuO-TiO2 nanotubes with 3 wt.% CuO (CuO-TiO2 NTs) is prepared using the hydrothermal method and the wet-impregnation (WI) process with calcination post-treatments. The characteristics of the morphology and crystalline structure of CuO-TiO2 NTs are characterized by different characterization techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), … An off-line gas chromatograph equipped with thermal conductivity detector (TCD, HP 5890) is used to detect the presence of hydrogen gas under the visible light. The results indicate that the crystal morphology of CuO-TiO2 NTs specimens at different annealing temperatures effects on the performance of hydrogen generation. In addition, glycerol aqueous solution concentration variation could be controlled the amount of hydrogen generation under the visible light. Therefore, these phenomena can be applied to the clear energy field. Keywords: Nanotubes, Glycerol, CuO, TiO2, Photocatalytic hydrogen generation.