The ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility of small organic anions with valencies up to -3 is investigated in this study. Provided the anions are not too aspherical, it is argued that shape and charge distribution have little influence on mobility. To a good approximation, the electrophoretic mobility of a small particle should be equal to that of a model sphere with the same hydrodynamic radius and same net charge. For small ions, the relaxation effect (distortion of the ion atmosphere from equilibrium due to external electric and flow fields) is significant even for monovalent ions. Alternative procedures of accounting for the relaxation effect are examined. In order to account for the ionic strength dependence of a specific set of nonaromatic and aromatic anions in aqueous solution, it is necessary to include complex formation between the anion with species in the BGE. A number of possible complexes are considered. When the BGE is Tris-acetate, the most important of these involves the complex formed between anion and Tris, the principle cation in the BGE. When the BGE is sodium borate, an anion-anion (borate) complex appears to be important, at least when the organic anion is monovalent. An algorithm is developed to analyze the ionic strength dependence of the electrophoretic mobility. This algorithm is applied to two sets of organic anions from two independent research groups.
In this paper mechanical parameters of tin-lead and lead-free microelectronic solder materials will be determined. Specifically, the emphasis is on SnPb37 and SnAg3.8Cu0.7Bi2. The investigation is based on an experimental technique known as the small punch test (SPT) using different SPT displacement rates in combination with an appropriate numerical non-linear Finite Element (FE) analysis. The elastic-plastic creep characteristics of solder materials are modeled and investigated.
The role of hydroxyl group in cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds has been studied as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 0.6 M chloride solution. The results show that the surfaces of mild steel coupons exposed to solutions containing inhibitors had no signs of corrosion attack due to protective film formation, whereas the surface of mild steel coupons exposed to non-inhibitor containing solutions was severely corroded. Cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds showed as a better inhibitor for AS1020 steel at higher concentration. The addition of Cerium hydroxycinnamate compounds form protective film layer and improves the protective film and charge transfer resistance which plays an importance role in corrosion properties. A high inhibition performance is attributed to the forming protective inhibiting deposits that slow down the electrochemical corrosion reactions. The results also indicated that the position of hydroxyl group in cerium hydroxycinnamate significantly effect to the inhibition performance of mild steel in chloride ion media.
This study investigated the combination of Aganonerion Polymorphum leaf extraction (APLE) and Titania nanoparticles (TNPs) as main and synergy inhibitor for steel in ethanol fuel blend. APLE has been extracted from soxhlet apparatus, and the APLE components were checked by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. TNPs with various sizes were synthesized by sol-gel route from tetraisopropyl orthotitanate precursor. TNPs sizes were calculated by Scherrer’s formula from X-ray diffraction pattern and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immersion test was taken in simulated fuel environment followed ASTM standards. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicated that APLE established a good adherent protective layer onto the steel surface, which would have been better with TNPs. Tafel fitting from potentiodynamic measurement had a good agreement with EIS data and shown higher corrosion potential and polarization resistance, as well as lower corrosion current density and corrosion rate of the co-inhibiting system. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy manifested the significant decrease of Fe peaks intensity and the significant increase of C1s and Ti2p peaks from specimens without to one with the inhibitors, that confirmed the inhibiting effectiveness of APLE and TNPs. Finally, SEM images designated smoother surface of specimens submerged in the co-inhibiting system that strengthen those remarks above. Figure 1
Sb doped tin oxide films (ATO) were fabricated on Quart glasses from (SnO2 + Sb2O3) mixture ceramic target by direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering in Ar ambient gas at working pressure of 2.10-3 torr. X ray diffraction (XRD), Hall - effect measurements and UV-vis spectra were performed to characterize the deposited films. The substrate temperature of films was investigated for two ways. Films were annealed in Ar ambient gas after deposited at room temperature in one way. They were deposited directly with different temperatures in the other. It is found that the fabricated of ATO films in the first way was easier than the other. Deposited films showed p type electrical property, polycrystalline tetragonal rutile structure and their average transmittance was above 80 % in visible light range at the optimum annealing temperature of 500oC. The best electrical properties of film were obtained on 10 %wt Sb2O3 doped SnO2 target with its resistivity, hole concentration and Hall mobility are 0.55 Ω.cm, 1.2.1019 cm-3 and 0.54 cm2V-1s-1, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.