Collagen from fish scale waste is currently being studied as a promising biological material to replace collagen from animals because of advantages such as safe, fat-free, not suffering from communicable diseases, and easy absorption in human body solutions. Finding the suitable process of extracting fish scale collagen is necessary because extracting collagen from fish scales by chemical methods often requires a long time. Therefore, in this paper, some bases and acids at different concentrations were chosen to find the most suitable condition for extracting fish scale collagen from the wastage of different scale fishes belonging to the familiar Cyprinus genus. The characterizations of the extracted collagen including structure, morphology, element composition, relative molecular weight, amino acid composition, denaturation temperature, crystal structure, and thermal stability were investigated. In addition, the amino acid sequence of the extracted collagen was also determined and compared with the National Center for Biotechnology Information protein database.
This study reports the suitable condition to extract hydroxyapatite (HAp) and collagen from tilapia scales in North Viet Nam. The tilapia scales were treated by Ca(OH)2 5 % solution for 24 hours to remove protein, fat and impurities. The protein-free scales were continuously sunk in mixture acid solutions to remove minerals. The HAp was obtained from this solution by precipitating with 0.5 M NaOH. The mineral-free scales were immersed in 0.5 M CH3COOH solution and precipitated collagen was obtained by adding of 0.5 M NaCl solution. The methods including Energy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) were used to determine characteristics, structure and morphology of HAp and collagen. The HAp was dried at 150 o C for removing water and some organic substances and then, washed repeatedly by distilled water to obtain high purity HAp, size of 30-40 nm, and Ca/P ratio = 1.70, closed to Ca/P ratio = 1.67 in bones and human teeth. The collagen was obtained in raw form, contains C, N, O, S, Na, Cl atoms in structure.
The nanoparticles of Polyaniline/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 (PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and an in-situ polymerization method. XRD patterns showed that the Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 grain size about 11.8 nm, while TEM image showed grain size from 10 to 18 nm. The results of FT-IR spectra and DTA analyses showed that PANI participated in nanocomposite samples. The grain size of PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 samples measured by SEM was about 35–50 nm. The magnetization measurements showed that the saturation magnetic moment of PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 samples at 300 K decreased from 71.5 to 43 emu/g when PANI/Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 mass ratio increased from 0–40%. The arsenic adsorption capacity of nanocomposite samples with different PANI concentration was investigated in solutions of pH 1 to pH 14. The qmax maximum arsenic adsorption capacities were calculated by the Langmuir isotherm equation at pH 7 and 300 K. The evaluated results show that with mass ratio of 0.9%, the sample S1 with qmax = 43.48 mg/g is higher than that Fe3O4 nanoparticles. In addition, the substitution of Fe2+ ions by Zn2+ ions in Fe0.90Zn0.10Fe2O4 and PANI coating were improving more magnetic and chemical stable of samples over time. Other hand, these materials could be reused after desorption in solution at pH 14.
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