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Constitutive equations for plane stress problems based on the modi ed form of a nonquadratic yield criterion suitable for aluminium alloy sheet were derived by Barlat et al. to account for the Bauschinger effect (BE). N umerical predictions of spring-back based on the original yield function and its modi ed form were performed and compared with the results of draw-bending tests. The results show the necessity of including the BE in the constitutive equations to enhance the accuracy in predicting spring-back.

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