Тhe analytical analysis of roller impact on the medium and its behavior at deformation influences are carried out, ways of choosing an optimal variant of the process for providing the maximum or minimum value of parameters (criterion) are proposed. The physical essence of the equation of energy flows of the intensity of deformation of the mass of the medium, which depends on the method of applying mechanical forces, the degree of its previous dispersion (recipe) and its physical and mechanical properties, is considered. To reveal the essence and understanding of the general research execution, a number of hypotheses for the determination of adhesion are given and a generalized approach to the definition of adhesion is given. The proposed scheme of causal relationships between the medium and roll, divided into three groups, and determine the change in the process of injection dough. The nature of the maximum increase of the forces of interaction of the dough with the high contact of the roller working body in the injection nozzle of the fuming machine is established. Violation of these mutual relations leads to the production of low-quality products and a decrease in the efficiency of the machine. These phenomena are little studied today, and the nature of adhesion requires research. It is noted that the determination of deformation processes during the passage of the process of injection of the medium by roller working bodies plays an important role in calculating the design of molding, roll-over equipment. The deformation in the knot of the injection dough by rolls and the dependence of the work performed on the influence of adhesion on the flow process in the molding machine are revealed. The contact area of the adhesive and the component forming work for overcoming the adhesion and deformation of the environment in determining the criteria that influence the process, according to each particular period of the deformation stage, are substantiated. The obtained data provide an answer to a number of questions about the possibility of regulating the process of the work of agents on the environment.
This article reveals the possibility of using legume butter to obtain a new combined product of increased quality. The technology of model compositions of finishing semi-finished products, in particular, confectionery legume butter with DDW, has been developed. The results of a study on optimizing the recipe composition of finishing semi-finished products made it possible to develop this technology of multifunctional confectionery butter with the desired (specified) organoleptic and structural and mechanical properties. The analysis of the formation of the structure of legume butter of oppositely directed processes in the enzymatic destruction of the residual cellular structure and spontaneous aggregation of protein particles into the spatial structure due to gradual dehydration of the system was carried out. It is noted that sugar plays the role of a plasticizer, reducing the rate of gelatinization of starch while reducing the viscosity peak. The use of dry demineralized whey (DDW) in legume butter technologies contributes to the formation of a stronger structure of the protein component and the development of a spatial structure, which gives it certain structural and mechanical properties. Three main directions of technological use of confectionery butter were established, which are based on structural characteristics of consistency: 1 – confectionery butter used to cover confectionery products and as a layer for them (CP – Confectionery Products), where the main indicator of consistency is extensibility; 2 – confectionery butter used for making flowers, as a decorative element for flour confectionery (SC – Sugar Confectionery)), where the main indicator of consistency is an equivalent ratio of extensibility and forming ability; 3 – confectionery butter used for modeling shaped products, as a decorative element for flour confectionery products, where the main indicator of consistency is the forming ability. The results of studies of the rheological characteristics of legume butter with dry demineralized whey (DDW) and coconut oil are presented. It was ascertained that DDW and coconut oil lead to changes in the state of legume butter, changing the values of rheological characteristics. The rational content of DDW and coconut oil in the composition of legume butter while ensuring high functional and technological properties was proved. The optimal ratios of components of the developed legume butter were mathematically grounded.
An analytical analysis of the action of rolls on the medium and its behaviour at adhesion bonds with its surface are carried out. The methods and means of carrying out researches on determination of surface roughness are offered, and the experimental setting for determining the adhesion strength is developed. To reveal the essence and understanding of the general research execution, a number of hypotheses for the determination of adhesion are given and a generalized approach to the definition of adhesion is given. The physical nature of the influence of the roughness of the roller surface on the injection of the dies depends on the shape and angle of roughness, the application of mechanical forces, the degree of its previous dispersion (recipe) and its physical and mechanical properties. The nature of the contact interaction of the dough with the rough surface of the roller working organ in the injection nozzle of the fumigation machine is established. Violation of these mutual relations leads to the production of poor-quality products and a reduction in the efficiency of the machine. The contact area of the adhesive and the component forming work for overcoming the adhesion and deformation of the environment in determining the criteria influencing the process according to each particular period of the deformation stage are substantiated. The obtained data give an answer to a number of questions about the possibility of interaction of the surface of the working bodies from the environment. On the basis of their data, the actual change in the contact adhesion in the roller unit of the molding machine with a comparative analysis of existing ones with the newly designed design is considered. It is established that in order to provide a constant area of actual contact, which contributes to better adhesion, and, accordingly, the passage of a qualitative process of tightening, compression and pouring, the necessary condition is the consistency of the specified criteria. This means that the actual contact area , varies from to depending on the ratio of parameters.
The results of researches of rheological and adhesion characteristics of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey (DDW) and glycerin are given. The positive effect of dry demineralized whey and glycerin on the characteristics of model compositions of marzipan pastes has been established. The component compatibility of DDW and almonds has been confirmed. It has been experimentally established that DDW and glycerin lead to changes in the structural state of marzipan pastes, changing the quantitative values of rheological characteristics. It is confirmed that with increasing DDW concentration, the indicators of deformation and plasticity increase. The indicators of elasticity and resilience of marzipan paste decrease, which in general leads to an increase in molding ability. The surface effect on the properties of marzipan pastes with dry demineralized whey and glycerin was carried out. The technological expediency of using glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes with DDW to increase their plasticity and pliability while maintaining high molding properties is substantiated. The rational content of glycerin is established, which allows regulating the adhesion properties within the set limits for paste-like finishing semi-finished products from marzipan masses. The rational content of DDW and glycerin in the composition of marzipan pastes while ensuring high functional and technological properties in the application of confectionery flour on the surface is substantiated. Mathematical modeling of adhesion behavior of marzipan pastes is carried out. The adhesive properties of the pastes are mathematically substantiated and their ability to have flexibility under the action of the applied shear stress is confirmed within the established limits. Its currents are considered and substantiated. A study of moisture absorption by flour confectionery when covered with marzipan paste is provided. The wetting angle is considered and the work of adhesion is determined. Based on researches the directions of use of the developed marzipan pastes in confectionery production as finishing semi-finished products for a covering and as a layer for flour confectionery products and modeling of figured products are offered.
Areas of improving energy saving and the environmental situation in the processing and food industry In Ukraine are relevant, as technologies and equipment by their nature and degree for efficient use of fuel resources are practically achievable for their improvement, especially today. The purpose of the study is to improve the methodology for the optimisation of the mode of reuse of the thermal potential of exhaust process gases in the implementation of a two-stage cooling process. The indicators of process gas emissions with a volume consumption of 0.54 m3 /s and temperature – 1600°C with the parameters of the furnace operation A2-SHBG were used to construct local temperature characteristics. Their construction is carried out based on the heat balance and heat transfer at short surface intervals, considering the parameters of coolant flows. The results were analysed by the Flow Vision software suite under the structure of the graph, according to the laws of thermodynamics. A method for calculating the amount of cold heat agent for reuse in the technological process is proposed. It is established that under the accepted heat exchange conditions, the required amount of atmospheric air with an initial temperature of -300°Ccan be heated to a temperature of +640°C, and with an initial temperature of +300°C, can be heated to +1450°C. Natural gas consumption will change from 20 m3 / h, without preheating atmospheric air, up to 12.7 m3 /h when heating atmospheric air in the heat exchanger at an initial temperature of + 300°C. It is stipulated that when calculating energy resource savings, it is necessary to consider the initial temperature of the cold heat agent when using the heat of exhaust process gases. The proposed method for calculating the optimal heat recovery mode allows calculating changes in the consumption of the primary fuel and energy resource and creating a database for the effective implementation of energy-saving technologies when reusing waste gas heat into production
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