This paper reports the principles of design and the examined protective properties of liquid materials for shielding the electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields over a wide frequency range. The materials were made on the basis of iron ore concentrate and a pigment additive, with water-dispersed and geopolymer paints used as a matrix. The tests of protective properties for the electrical and magnetic components of the electromagnetic field of industrial frequency showed that the electric field shielding coefficients at a concentration of the screening substance of 15−60 % (by weight) equaled 1.1−8.6; magnetic field – 1.2−5.3. The shielding coefficients of the material based on a water-dispersed paint are lower than those of a geopolymer one, which can be explained by the oxidation of an iron-containing component and a decrease in electrical conductivity. The shielding coefficients of the electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2.45 GHz are 1.2−7.9. The highest coefficients are inherent in the material with filler made of iron ore concentrate and titanium-containing pigment powder in a ratio of 1:1. To design materials with the required (predictable) protective properties, the relative magnetic, dielectric permeability of materials was calculated. It is shown that the obtained data are acceptably the same as the results from direct measurements of magnetic and dielectric permeability and could be used to calculate the wave resistance of the material and the predicted reflection coefficient of electromagnetic waves. Thus, there is reason to assert the need to build a database on the frequency dependence of effective magnetic and dielectric permeability in order to automate the design processes of composite materials with predefined protective properties.
Мета. Аналіз можливості використання технологій доповненої та віртуальної реальності для створення дистанційних онлайн-курсів з метою забезпечення набуття «hard» та «softskills» спеціалістів з цивільної безпеки в умовах дистанційного навчання зумовленого бойовими діями. Предмет. Систематизація методів та принципів використання технологій доповненої та віртуальної реальності у процесі підготовки здобувачів зі спеціальності 263 Цивільна безпека в умовах змішаного навчання. У статті досліджено проблеми набуття hardskills та softskills студентами під час дистанційного навчання. Визначено фактори, які формують комунікативні та професійні навички. Обґрунтовано проблеми формування змісту фахової підготовки, добору форм і методів роботи зі здобувачами з метою ефективного навчання необхідним для професійної діяльності компетенціям і навичкам у галузі цивільної безпеки. Використання 3D візуалізації, анімації, звукового супроводу, субтитрування при розробці та формуванні навчального курсу освітніх компонент дозволяє наповнити його необхідним інформаційним змістом, занурюючи студента в реальне виробниче середовище із можливістю відпрацювання аварійних ситуацій, адекватної поведінки у разі виникнення НС, оперативного та правильного прийняття рішень. Використання доповненої реальності дозволяє максимально наблизити навчальний процес та забезпечити необхідні компетенції для реального технологічного процесу та обладнання, що дає можливість здобувачеві швидко адаптуватися на робочому місці. Отримані результати можуть бути використані викладачами та інструкторами для досягнення практичних навичок, компетенцій, зниження рівня помилок, що допускаються серед здобувачів, підвищення якості їх підготовки та ефективності прийнятих оперативних рішень у надзвичайних ситуаціях.
This paper reports measuring, modeling, and determining the optimized air ionic composition of the air at industrial premises to ensure safe living and working conditions for workers. The possibility of using saline solutions with different degrees of concentration to increase the number of negative ions in the airspace, as well as the variability of the air flow rate for the process of ionization of the air of industrial premises, has been investigated. Analysis of experimental data revealed that an increase in the concentration of saline solutions leads to a decrease in the release of the number of air ions into the vapor-air space of the room. It is proved that in order to improve air quality, it is advisable to enable air ionization using an ultrasonic air ion generator and the use of demineralized water. The optimal input parameters established for the ultrasonic installation are: s –distance to the ultrasonic installation, 40 cm; v ‒ airflow rate, 6.00 m/s; and c ‒ concentration of salt water solution, 3.3 %. The result reported here could be used in the design and development of a control system for an ultrasonic generator of air ions of ventilation systems and microclimate systems in order to create the most comfortable high-quality ionized air at industrial premises. To find the optimal mode of operation of the ionization process, a representation procedure for a neural network was applied, which was most accurate to determine the optimal parameters for ionizing the airspace of the working room. Optimization was performed using a Feed Forward Bottle Neck Neural Network (FFBN NN) representation. This approach allows one to determine several optimal conditions for the process under study on the basis of a compromise solution.
The article provides the general provisions and features of the application of the zonal-indicative methodology for assessing the impact on the state of the atmospheric air of enterprises from local industrial complexes and its practical approbation. A unified approach to determining the zones of negative influence of industrial objects and their groups on the state of atmospheric air is proposed. Analytical dependencies have been established to determine the physical and linear dimensions of the influence zones. The peculiarities of the method of determining "marker" substances for the conditions of formation of the level of atmospheric pollution due to the activity of local industrial complexes are characterized. An algorithm for implementing the method is proposed, which includes procedures for selecting marker substances of the first order (impact), second order (basic), and third order (specific). Significant parameters for the selection procedure of marker substances and the conditions for differentiating emission sources are substantiated, which allows to ensure the effectiveness of the practical implementation of the method. Approbation of the proposed zonal-indicative methodology was carried out on the example of the Kryukiv Carriage Plant, which is part of the local industrial hub in the southern part of Kremenchuk. The calculation of zones of probable influence and other parameters necessary for the application of the indicative evaluation method was carried out. The inverse problem "technological process -marker substance" has been solved. Measurement points of the maximum one-time surface concentrations of pollutants have been determined. Analytical processing of the results of calculation studies and laboratory (including field) observations was carried out. The obtained calculated values of surface concentrations made it possible to determine the substantiated maximum possible contribution of the object to the formation of the general level of atmospheric air pollution in the southern microdistricts of Kremenchuk. In particular, it was established that the level of acceptability of the possible negative impact should be determined based on the results of calculations of the dispersion of marker pollutants in atmospheric air without taking into account background concentrations.
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