Aim: The study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological parameters that could contribute to the depreciation of the quality of unfermented palm sap used for infant feeding. Study Design: A survey was conducted in 20 villages and camps to determine if the practice was still current. Also, unfermented sap was produced from 5 palms by resource persons to control the quality during the days of exploitation. Place and Duration of Study: The survey was carried out from March 1st to 30th in villages and camps in Central and Central-Western Cote d'Ivoire. The production of the sap took place during one week in the village of Akpessekro. Methodology: 30 people, without distinction randomly crossed were questioned on the food consumed at the age of 0 to 6 months. Also, in the unfermented sap produced acidity, sugar content, loads of GAM, thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci, yeasts and molds were determined and multiple correlations were established between all parameters. Results: In the villages and camps, palm sap is less and less used as infant food. During the first two days of palm farming, the acidity (6 < pH < 6.11) approximates that of breast milk or milk substitutes. However, after these two days, the acidity becomes high and the sugar content too low for infant feeding. In the unfermented sap, the loads of coliform fecal contamination germs are higher than the required standards. Also, the large load of lactic acid bacteria (≥1.5E+04 ufc/ml) and yeasts (1.4E+04 ufc/ml) present in the sap contribute to a depreciation of its quality over the days and when the sap is left to rest. Conclusion: The quality of unfermented palm sap as infant food is not guaranteed. This is one of the reasons why this practice is in decline nowadays.
The objective of this study is to assess the presence of harmful microorganisms and to characterize some physicochemical parameters in the soya flour sold in Daloa. To carry out the work, sixty (60) samples of soybean flour were collected by purchase in PMI (20), supermarkets (20) and in certain markets (20) made up of grains that will be transformed into flour according to the defined conditions. by ourselves. His samples will be transferred to the microbiology laboratory for analysis. A count to assess the microbiological quality was carried out. The assay of some chemical parameters and the determination of some physical parameters were performed. The different pH values obtained are all alkaline. Microbiological analysis revealed compliance of average microbial loads of fungi (yeasts and molds) below 103 CFU / g and aerobic mesophilic bacteria below 105 CFU / g. On the other hand, the average microbial loads of total coliforms do not comply with the defined microbiological criteria. Furthermore, with regard to the potentially pathogenic germs in Bacillus cereus occurrences, there is no conformity of the average loads of the three types of flour. The defined criterion being 10 CFU / g. As for E. coli and S. aureus, only F1 flour complies with microbiological criteria. There is a presence of Salmonella in 60% of the samples of the F1 flour. Good practices should be observed in the processing of grains into flour in order to avoid possible contamination of the flour.
Aims: Pterygota macrocarpa, a common species in the forests of Côte d'Ivoire, is threatened with extinction due to overexploitation. Protective measures for P. macrocarpa could consist in the integration of arbuscular mycorrhizae in the reforestation of this species. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizae inoculation on the resistance and development of P. macrocarpa plants. Study Design: The design is completely randomized and includes one (1) plant species (Pterygota macrocarpa), three (3) treatments (local inoculum 1, commercial inoculum 2 and non-inoculated control) and 20 seedlings per treatment. Place and Duration of Study: The experimental study was set up at the border of the experimental forest of the Northern site of INP-HB (National Polytechnic Institute Houphouët-Boigny, Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire) from February to May 2018. Methodology: Thus, from seedlings collected in the arboriculture of the INP-HB of Yamoussokro, the effects of mycorrhization through treatments on the mineral nutrition and on the growth parameters of P. macrocarpa were evaluated during 120 days of culture in nursery. Results: The mycorrhised plants survived 100% while the control plants had 90% survival rate. The mycorrhizal intensity of the roots was 19.21% for inoculum 1 and 10.40% for inoculum 2. The plants treated with inoculum 1 had the highest mineral content, especially phosphorus (0.3 ppm) and nitrogen (2.6%). The vegetative growth of inoculum 1 treated plants was more accelerated than that of the other two treatments. Local inoculum 1 was more effective than commercial inoculum 2. Conclusion: The integration of local mycorrhizal inocula in the reforestation of P. macrocarpa seedlings could be a sustainable solution for the restoration of degraded forests.
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