Montenegro has the highest in-work poverty (IWP) rates among all ex-Yugoslav countries. Although the IWP rate in Montenegro is significantly below the average poverty rate for the entire population, it has increased substantially since 2013. Despite that, IWP is rarely discussed as an important topic in the media or by policymakers, although some policies do target the working population at risk. This article starts with the identification of factors that affect IWP and differences in IWP of specific population groups between Montenegro and selected ex-Yugoslav countries (Slovenia and Serbia). As low earnings and low wages from employment are the main causes of IWP, the article focuses on the analysis of policies that influence income: minimum wage policy, family policy and tax policy and their influence on IWP of specific population groups. We use SILC data to map trends of IWP, while further analysis is based on desk review and expert interviews. We conclude that the approach to IWP in Montenegro requires more integrated policies that should target population groups most exposed to IWP.
WHAT IS Covid-19 teaching us?Chinese word CRISIS consists of two ideograms: the first means DANGER, the second means OPPORTUNITY. Most people perceive the coronavirus as a DANGER manifesting itself in its worst forms. It causes drastic behavior change, quarantine and social isolation. It creates panic, shortages and anxiety. It dramatically reduces economic activity, destroys stock markets and paves the way for recession. Schools, colleges, even kindergartens are closed. Sport events, concerts, competitions and championships are canceled. An overstretched health system is bursting at the seams. Borders are closed, traffic has stopped, and airlines, cultural institutions, tourism and the entertainment industry are suffering huge losses. Concerned heads of government hold press conferences on a daily basis to portray the murky reality, offer increasingly drastic measures and increasingly restrictive solutions. Immersed in such a deep crisis, is it at all possible to see the coronavirus as an OPPORTUNITY, as we try to do in this paper? First of all, we should stop and rethink. We should question our values and try to get rid of false myths we are surrounded with. We should also question personal priorities, the meaning of life, work and all our activities. We should better understand the risks of global connectivity and the complexity of all the consequences. We should better grasp the necessary balance between personal freedoms and restrictions that are imposed on us by the interest of common good. We should compare how a deep crisis is addressed by different political regimes and learn from the mistakes. Finally, we should draw lessons from all this by initiating faster and deeper reforms of the (global and local) political, educational, health, social and, of course, economic systems. Apart from these abstract and philosophical gains, there are a number of concrete positive consequences of the coronavirus crisis. The trend of teleworking will accelerate. The need for openness and transparency in media and political discourse will grow and the tendency to produce "fake news" will be reduced. Sensitivity for older and more vulnerable sections of the population who are neglected and marginalized will increase. The perception of "private space" will change and the overall hygiene habits will improve. The text that follows is based on a field research on Digital Transformation in Montenegro during the Covid-19 pandemic. It explores the current status, and deals with issues and proposals for improvement, focusing in particular on a set of recommendations and proposals for companies, enabling them to cope with the challenges.
"Social projects are characterized by a low level of income from implementation, but they have a very pronounced social return in favour of the welfare of the population of the region, city, district. However, such projects are also subject to risks, which level needs to be determined in order to take various corrective actions on projects. Such activities can be: conducting additional market research, choosing alternative areas for construction, choosing another contractor, etc. Also, for each project, several examinations are made, which are aimed at identifying risks based on the expert opinions of specialists, a number of indicators are calculated, one of which is budgetary and social efficiency. In the article, we will consider the main causes of project risks, types of risks, current methods for assessing the risks of social projects, and describe the boundaries of risks that affect the choice of risk management policy and monitoring system. consider The basic rules for identifying and assessing risks will be considered, as well as the rules for conducting economic appraisals of projects. Using the example of an investment social project, we will calculate indicators of sensitivity to changes in price, cost and sales volume, and also compile a matrix of profit changes under the influence of prices in relation to a certain level of risk. Keywords: social projects, project risks, risk level, causes of occurrence, efficiency assessment, indicators of sensitivity."
The negative situation on the Montenegrin labour market has improved in recent years. The labour market is affected by a wide range of government actions in the fields not only of employment policy but also of education, social welfare, business regulation, taxation, etc. Therefore, one of the goals in implementing labour legislation is to ensure that impacts on employment are fully taken into account in the formulation of policy in these other fields. Numerous policies addressing particular aspects and the better functioning of the labour market are ongoing or in preparation. However, there is still much room for improvement. Currently, the Montenegrin labour market is fragmented and segmented in terms of high regional disparities, gender inequality and a mismatch between labour supply and labour demand. Also, it should be emphasised that the number of long-term unemployed people is at a relatively high level. This suggests that further efforts should be made at all levels in order to overcome such a situation.
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