This paper presents the distributi inside a human head as well as around the el source, i.e. the mobile phone. Specific Abso which is obtained inside a human head and due to exposure to electric field from m presented. For this research two different mo have been used. In the first case electromag biological tissues of human head were volumetric interpolation function tha characteristics of a given tissue inside the hu the second case model with layers was used. T human head parts (skin, fat tissue, muscles brain). The parts of the human head a electromagnetic properties (conductivity, el and magnetic permeability). In order to obta distribution for different cross-sections calculation based on the Finite Integration T Finite Element Method (FEM) was performed
Background/Aim. A mobile phone is a source of electromagnetic radiation located close to the head and consequently its intense use may cause harmful effects particularly in younger population. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of electromagnetic field of the mobile phone on the pituitary gland of the child. Methods. In order to obtain the more accurate results for this research 3D realistic model of child's head whose size corresponds to an average child (7 years old) was created. Electric field distribution in child head model and values of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) at the region of pituitary gland were determined. This study was performed for the frequencies of 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, as the most commonly used in mobile communications. The special attention was dedicated to the values of the electric field and the values of the SAR in the pituitary gland. For all frequencies over 10 g and 1 g of tissue average SAR was calculated. The electric field distribution and values of average SAR for 10 g and 1 g trough the model of child's head were obtained by the using numerical calculation based on the Finite Integration Technique (FIT). Results. The largest value of electric field in the region of the pituitary gland was at the frequency of 900 MHz, as a consequence of the highest penetration depth. Lower values of the electric field in the region of the pituitary gland were at frequencies of 1,800 MHz and 2,100 MHz. The SAR in the pituitary gland decreased as the frequency increased as a direct consequence of lower penetration depth. Conclusion. The electric field strength from a mobile phone is higher than the value specified by standards for the maximum allowable exposure limits. The high values of the electric field are not only in the vicinity of a mobile phone but also in tissues and organs of the human head. Particular attention should be paid to the exposure of children to radiation of mobile phones. Smaller dimensions of children?s head and smaller thickness of tissues and organs have as a consequence greater penetration of electromagnetic waves.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of human age on the distribution of electric field and absorbed energy that originates from a mobile phone. Design/methodology/approach This research was performed for frequencies of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz, which are used in a mobile communication system. To obtain the most accurate results, 3 D realistic model of the child’s head has been created whereby the dimensions of this model correspond to the dimensions of a seven-year-old child. Distribution of the electric field and specific absorption rate (SAR) through the child’s head was obtained by numerical analysis based on the finite integration technique. Findings The results discover that amount of absorbed energy is greater in the surface layers of the child’s head model when the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of tissues are adjusted for the child. This deviation corresponds to different EM characteristics of biological tissues and organs of an adult person compared to a child. Research limitations/implications The study deals with penetrated electrical field and absorbed EM field energy. There is space for further studies of other EM field effects (e.g. thermal effects). Practical implications The analysis of obtained results leads to idea that mobile phones and devices aimed for children using should be modified to provide SAR values inside prescribed standards. Social implications The obtained results are foundation for future research on influence of EM fields of mobile devices on human health. Originality/value The proposed procedure offers the model for accurate estimation and quality analysis of SAR and EM field distribution inside child head tissue.
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