The impact of human age on the amount of absorbed energy from mobile phone

Jovanović, Dejan; Stankovic, Vladimir; Cvetković, Nenad; Krstić, Dejan; Vučković, Dragan

doi:10.1108/compel-12-2018-0511

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The source of EM radiation is represented by a numerical model of a smart phone [19,20] containing the casing, the display, and the antenna (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Distribution and Specific Absorption Rate inside a Child's Eyes from Mobile Phone

2023

Teh. vjesn.

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This paper represents the numerical analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) and temperature distribution within the eyes of realistic child head model exposed to mobile phone radiation at the frequency of 4G. The SAR and temperature distribution are obtained by numerical solutions of the equation of electromagnetic wave propagation as well as the bioheat equation. The values of SAR and temperature distribution are shown for different biological tissues of the eyes during exposure to electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone. As electromagnetic properties of tissues depend on the electromagnetic waves' frequency, the value of SAR and temperature will be different for different tissues. For the purpose of this research, a realistic 3D model of a child's head has been created. Maximum absorption of electromagnetic energy occurs in the surface layers of the child head model, whereby this value exceeds the maximum allowed limits. This is the case when the radiation source is positioned closest to the head model. An increase in temperature was observed in the biological tissues and organs closest to the radiation source, i.e. the mobile phone. As the distance between the mobile phone and the child head increases, the temperature decreases, but slower than the SAR values.

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“…The source of EM radiation is represented by a numerical model of a smart phone [19,20] containing the casing, the display, and the antenna (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Numerical Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Distribution and Specific Absorption Rate inside a Child's Eyes from Mobile Phone

2023

Teh. vjesn.

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“…The source of radiation is represented by a numerical model of a smart phone [18][19][20] containing a casing, a display, and an antenna (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Numerical Models 31 Electromagnetic Radiation Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…3). The layout of biological tissues was selected so as to match the actual order of tissues and organs of the human head [18][19][20][22][23][24]. The realistic layout of tissues and organs in a human head is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Numerical Block Models Of Biological Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Approximation of Electric Field in Biological Tissue

2023

Teh. vjesn.

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This paper presents the method of homogenization of several different biological tissues in order to simplify the numerical calculation of the electric field distribution in certain biological structures of interest. For this purpose, a 3D model was used with blocks that have the same electromagnetic characteristics as their corresponding biological tissues of the human head. The results obtained in the case of homogenized block model were compared with the ones obtained by using the original heterogeneous model containing the following tissues: skin, fat, muscle, bone, and brain. Homogenization of the model has been caried out only for the layers that precede the layer in which the analysis of electric field distribution was performed. A smart phone was used as the source of electromagnetic radiation at a frequency of 0,9 GHz. A comparative analysis of the electric field intensity in the layer of interest indicates good matches for the heterogeneous and homogenized models. Based on the obtained results, deviations in the electric field intensity can be observed for both models. These deviations range from 3,7% to 5,2% for different layer thicknesses.The proposed homogenization method significantly simplifies the modelling and also reduces the simulation time required to obtain appropriate results.

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“…Considering that experimental procedures cannot be performed on humans, due to the ethical reasons, the best assessment of the impact of RF radiation can be realized using numerical simulations (Lee et al , 2002; Kouveliotis et al , 2006; El Dein and Amr, 2010; Whittow et al , 2008a, 2008b; Khalatbari et al , 2006; Jensen and Rahmat-Samii, 1995; Watanabe et al , 1996; Iskander et al , 2000; De Salles et al , 2003; Fernández et al , 2004; Gandhi et al , 1996; Jovanovic et al , 2019a, 2019b). The accuracy of such studies is increasing over time, due to the constant development of numerical methods and improvement of computer performances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the influence of electromagnetic radiation depends on the composition, morphology and dimensions of the certain biological structures, it is reasonable to expect that the presence of metal dental implants can significantly affect the distribution of electromagnetic radiation (Jovanovic et al, 2019a(Jovanovic et al, , 2019bWhittow et al, 2008aWhittow et al, , 2008bMortazavi et al, 2018;Fujii, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric field and SAR distribution in the vicinity of dental implants exposed to the cell phone electromagnetic radiation

Jovanovic,

Krasic,

Cvetkovic

et al. 2023

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine the electric field and specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution within biological tissues in the vicinity of dental implants, exposed to the mobile phone radiation. Design/methodology/approach This research was performed for the frequency of 2.6 GHz, which corresponds to 4G mobile network. The adequate 3D realistic numerical models of the mobile phone user’s head, dental implants and actual smartphone model are created using packages based on the finite integral technique numerical method. Findings The obtained results yield to a conclusion that the presence of dental implants affects the increase in electric field intensity and SAR values within biological tissues in its vicinity. Research limitations/implications The presented procedure is limited to the 4G mobile network frequency of 2.6 MHz. The study should be extended to other mobile network frequencies to be more general. Practical implications The criteria for selection of the materials used for dental implants production should be extended with the recommended material characteristics related to their influence on the electric field and SAR distribution, to keep their values in the limits prescribed by standards. Social implications The obtained results provide the foundation for future research in mobile devices’ electromagnetic fields’ influence on human health. Originality/value The accurate determination of the electric field and SAR values within different biological tissues and organs in the vicinity of dental implants exposed to mobile phone electromagnetic radiation, demands highly realistic model of observed biological structures. For purposes of the current study, the procedure for modeling of highly nonhomogeneous structure with finite number of homogenous domains having known electromagnetic parameters is described in the paper. As a result, the 3D complex users’ head model formed of 16 homogeneous domains of different electromagnetic parameters is created.

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The impact of human age on the amount of absorbed energy from mobile phone

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Temperature Distribution and Specific Absorption Rate inside a Child's Eyes from Mobile Phone

Temperature Distribution and Specific Absorption Rate inside a Child's Eyes from Mobile Phone

Approximation of Electric Field in Biological Tissue

Electric field and SAR distribution in the vicinity of dental implants exposed to the cell phone electromagnetic radiation

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