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The world’s largest community of scientists disintegrated following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. With extremely scarce resources and limited academic freedom as starting points, researchers in this region have been creating new knowledge; they have been building on rich scientific traditions in selected disciplines and, at times, paving new paths in non-traditional disciplines. At present, the cumulative contribution of post-Soviet countries to global research output is only three percent, indicating that these countries are not key players on the global research scene. This study uses bibliometric methods to offer novel empirical insight into the quantity and impact of academic publications; it also looks at the quality of journals in which the output is published. The findings reveal that fifteen post-Soviet countries differ considerably in terms of how much they have prioritised research, as well as the quantity, quality, and impact of their publications. The research productivity across the region has not been high and, taken together, these countries have produced publications of considerably lower quality and lower impact when viewed in the context of global research output. At the same time, researchers from post-Soviet countries tap into international collaborative networks actively, resulting in an exceptionally large proportion of publications from this region being internationally co-authored. In the historical context of Soviet research being known as one of the least collaborative globally, this finding indicates that researchers in the region are attractive to international collaborators and may be seeking such partnerships due to relatively modest research capacity at home.

In this study, we discover Russian “centers of excellence” and explore patterns of their collaboration with each other and with foreign partners. Highly cited papers serve as a proxy for “excellence” and coauthored papers as a measure of collaborative efforts. We find that currently research institutes (of the Russian Academy of Sciences as well as others) remain the key players despite recent government initiatives to stimulate university science. The contribution of the commercial sector to high‐impact research is negligible. More than 90% of Russian highly cited papers involve international collaboration, and Russian institutions often do not play a dominant role. Partnership with U.S., German, U.K., and French scientists increases markedly the probability of a Russian paper becoming highly cited. Patterns of national (“intranational”) collaboration in world‐class research differ significantly across different types of organizations; the strongest ties are between three nuclear/particle physics centers. Finally, we draw a coauthorship map to visualize collaboration between Russian centers of excellence.

Gender disparities persist in several areas of society and scientific research is no exception. This study describes the evolution of the place of women in Russian science from 1973 to 2012, in terms of published research output, research productivity, international and national collaboration, and scientific impact, taking into account the socioeconomic, political and historic context of the country, which was marked by the fall of the USSR in 1991. The results show that gender parity is far from being achieved. Women remain underrepresented in terms of their contribution to research output and scientific impact in almost all disciplines, with Mathematics and Physics, research areas in which Russia is specialized, having the largest gap. Men and women show different collaboration patterns on the national and international level, whereas women are preeminent on the national scene, men are on the international one. Although the impact of women's scientific output significantly increases after the fall of the USSR, the gap between both genders remains stable over time for most of the disciplines. As a result, this increase cannot be interpreted as an improvement of the women's relative influence in Russian science, but rather an improvement of Russian science impact in general.

In early 2016 a new database was launched on the Web of Science platform -Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The database is free to all Web of Science subscribers except those from the post-Soviet states. This database includes papers from 652 selected Russian journals and is based on the data from national citation index -Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC). RISC was launched in 2005 but it is scarcely known to the English-language audience. The paper describes the history, current structure and user possibilities of RISC. We focus on the novel features of RISC which are crucial to bibliometrics and are unavailable in the international citation indexes. AbstractIn early 2016 a new database was launched on the Web of Science platform-Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI). The database is free to all Web of Science subscribers except those from the post-Soviet states. This database includes papers from 652 selected Russian journals and is based on the data from national citation index-Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC). RISC was launched in 2005 but it is scarcely known to the Englishlanguage audience. The paper describes the history, current structure and user possibilities of RISC. We focus on the novel features of RISC which are crucial to bibliometrics and are unavailable in the international citation indexes.

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Издательство Уральского университета Екатеринбург, 2014Данное руководство систематизирует знания о наукометрии для читателей, поставивших перед собой цель разобраться в предмете. Материал, изложенный в книге, должен послу-жить основой для практического применения методов наукометрии. Подчеркивается необ-ходимость грамотной и аккуратной трактовки наукометрических индикаторов при принятии административных решений, распределении грантов, осуществлении кадровой политики.Руководство предназначено для научных работников, руководителей, сотрудников инфор-мационных центров и студентов соответствующих специальностей, а также для всех, кто инте-ресуется вопросами измерения и оценки развития науки и технологии. Scientometric indexes are widely used in evaluation and promotions of scholars, grant awarding, and research personnel recruiting. However, I would like to stress that these quantitative data should never be used as a single criterion of the quality of institutional research and/or individual researchers. These indexes can help in developing background for wise and expert judgment. Uninformed and uncritical use of the quantitative data can be quite detrimental to the progress of research and individual careers.I hope that this book will facilitate the difficult task of reasonable and thoughtful evaluation of the impact and productivity of scientists and scholars. Наукометрические показатели широко используются при оценке и продвижении научных сотрудников, выделении грантов и приеме на работу научно-исследова-тельского персонала. Однако мне хотелось бы подчеркнуть, что эти количественные данные не должны использоваться как единственный критерий оценки качества исследований научного учреждения или индивидуальных исследователей. Эти по-казатели могут способствовать формиро-ванию взвешенного экспертного суждения. Использование количественных данных без должного предварительного обучения об-ращению с ними и критического взгляда может воспрепятствовать прогрессу иссле-дований и научных сотрудников.Я надеюсь, что эта книга упростит слож-ную задачу по тщательной и осмысленной оценке влияния и продуктивности ученых и научных коллективов. Филадельфия 13.11.2014 г. 10 н астоящее руководство по наукометрии является от-ветом на все возрастающий интерес к наукометрическим ме-тодам анализа работы научных и образовательных организаций России и стран СНГ. Юджин ГарфилдМногие университеты и исследо-вательские институты применяют для поиска научной информации базы цитирования. Ряд государств СНГ приобрел национальные ли-цензии на доступ к этим базам, ставя перед собой задачу стиму-лирования и управления разви-тием научных исследований. Базы цитирования, являясь наукоме-трическими инструментами, по-зволяют рассчитывать показатели научной результативности, поэто-му доступ к базам зачастую созда-ет у администраторов «от науки» ошибочное впечатление того, что они могут с помощью автоматиче-ски рассчитываемых показателей легко оценить отдельных ученых и научные коллективы.Цель книги -дать читателю представление об основных мето-дах из...