The paper presents results of an investigation on Fluvisols located in "Kriva Bara" Sofia, Bulgaria. Soil samples were taken from sixteen soil profiles. The soil physical and chemical properties were studied. The changes in physical and chemical properties at varying soil depths were studied and the relationships among different soil characteristics were tested by correlation analysis. The results revealed that some soil characteristics, such as soil texture, porosity and TKN, changed strongly with soil depth, either negatively or positively, while such relationships were moderately expressed or statistically insignificant in the case of other soil characteristics, such as soil reaction (pH), CaCO 3 , silt content. There were significant correlations between the physical and chemical soil properties in 49 out of 78 cases.
The paper presents results of landscape planning and investigation on Fluvisols. The object is “Koriata” sand and gravel quarry, Bulgaria. Soil samples were taken from seventeen soil profiles at a depth of 0-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, and 80-100 cm. There were significant correlations between the physical and chemical soil properties in 40 out of 48 cases. Statistically significant high correlation coefficients (> ±0.6) have been calculated: for example, there is a negative correlation between bulk density on the one hand and soil organic matter (SOM) and nutrients on the other; there is a high positive correlation between total porosity and SOM and nutrients. The correlations between the clay fraction and SOM, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and K2O are also high. Formulating a landscape plan for the territory of “Koriata” sand and gravel quarry will improve the quality of life of residents, will result in at least a sevenfold increase in plant diversity and will meet the demand for themed waterparks within the city limits of Sofia.
Flower heads and leaves of Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. were examined separately for bioactive compounds and biological activity. The compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Studied extracts were evaluated for free radical scavenging activity, and for inhibition of acetylcholinesterase and seed germination. Free phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycones were found in larger quantities in the leaves than in the flower heads, where sterols, fatty acids, pyrethrins, sugars, sugar derivatives and bound phenolic acids predominated. Significant antiradical activity (IC50 /mL) and low acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (IC50 >1 mg/mL) was found. Moderate inhibitory activity against germination and root elongation of Lolium perenne L. seeds was determined. The study presents for the first time detailed data on the content of phenolic acids in free, esterified and insoluble-bound forms in this species. Some of the identified flavonoids from the leaf extract are reported for the first time in the species. Keywords: GC/MS, Flavonoids, Phenolic acids, Asteraceae (Composite)
Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip. is a species of great economic importance because it contains Pyrethrins -natural insecticides with the potential to be the ideal means for pest control. Soil samples from different soil types (Skeletic Fluvisols, Rendzic Leptosol, Luvic Chernozem, Chromic Luvisols, Dystric-Eutric Cambisol, Pellic Vertisols) have been studied in order to determine the physicochemical soil indicators and the regressions between the soil characteristics and seed germination. Four hundred seeds (4х100) were planted in each soil type (in pots) under controlled conditions. Reliable statistically significant regressions, both negative (bulk density, sand fraction, available phosphorus) and positive (total porosity, silt and clay fractions, pH(H 2 O), CaCO 3 , Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, Soil Organic Mater) with regard to seed germination have been established. The seeds planted in Rendzic Leptosol have shown the highest germination percentage, and the ones planted in Skeletic Fluvisols have shown the lowest germination percentage.
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