Russia and China have both shown increasing interest in the promotion their cultural achievements and have utilized culture as essential soft-power resource. Moreover, the concept of ‘soft power’ has gained popularity in Russia’s and China’s academic and political discourse. Russian-Chinese cultural cooperation is gaining momentum due to this exchange, and the scale and the depth of the cultural projects have expanded. At the moment, museums are involved in development of diplomatic relations, including within the framework of friendship societies, and through the development of the Russian-Chinese tourism. ‘Red tourism’ (it means visiting the monuments of the revolutionary history of Russia) in particular has expanded through the implementation of cultural seasons, Cross-Years of Culture, and the promotion of cultural exchanges of contemporary art. As shown in the case of Hermitage, Moscow Kremlin Museums, National Museum of China, Palace Museum ‘Gugong’ in Beijing, famous world museums have been carrying out the ambitious development programmes, scaling up their resource capacities, and since the beginning of the 21st century have begun to promote their brand. The article considers the potential for museums to participate in the development of bilateral relations, and in improving the foreign-policy image of both countries. The authors’ research reveals the features of museum diplomacy, areas of museums’ international activities that enhanced the efficiency of Russia’s and China’s soft power and identifies the common avenues for disseminating the neoliberal messages in museum sphere. Moreover, particular attention is paid by the authors’ to ‘soft power’ rankings and to lists of the most visited museums. Furthermore, new modalities of international museum cooperation are discussed by the authors, with a focus on areas of joint collaboration within the framework of SCO, BRICS, and the “One belt, one road” initiative. The authors conclude that there is a need to improve the legal framework for Russian-Chinese museum cooperation in response to the deepening interaction and transformation of the role of museums in both international and bilateral relations.
The relevance of the problem being studied is due to the need for a scientific analysis of the role of humanitarian cooperation in the "One Belt, One Road" project with regard to the increasing attention of its participants to cultural and humanitarian initiatives. The "One Belt, One Road" project is an original and unique one combining the format of multilateral and bilateral cooperation. The humanitarian cooperation within the framework of the project was considered by the authors mainly on the example of bilateral relations between the PRC and the Russian Federation, taking into account the new institutions, forms, and documents that emerged due to the large-scale "One Belt, One Road" project. The paper analyzes such areas as information and media, youth exchanges, intercultural dialogue, tourism, etc.Work with the narrative and documentary material of the study was carried out on the basis of various general scientific methods, according to the interdisciplinary nature of the topic. As the main research methods, we used semantic analysis and content analysis when referring to the main documents regulating the functioning of the "One Belt, One Road" project, and a systematic approach allowed us to formulate a comprehensive vision of the project in the system of modern international relations and show its role for understanding the global nature of international relations and the emergence of new leaders. Turning to the research material allowed the authors to note the special role of humanitarian interaction in international cooperation. It is obvious that humanitarian relations have an image-forming effect, contribute to creating a welcoming atmosphere, involve the widest audience of participants in cooperation, and contribute to the institutionalization and further development of the "Belt, Road" project. In the humanitarian dimension of a large-scale project, an urgent taskto preserve the cultural identity of the project participants, which is consistent with the fundamental initiatives of the UN and UNESCOis being realized.The study concluded the following: despite the fact that the "One Belt, One Road" initiative was born as an international political and economic project, attention is currently being focused on cultural and humanitarian issues, which have become a new vector in the development of the "Belt-Road". The authors also believe that the spheres of humanitarian cooperation in the "One Belt, One Road" project will develop further, enriched with new directions and forms.
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