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This article aims to examine professional public accreditation of educational programs as a means of ensuring that higher education remains relevant to the current socio-economic public needs in the context of shifting requirements of the labour market, digitalization of most areas of life, and new challenges in technical and technological development. The study actualizes new approaches that can be used in assessing the quality of educational programs implemented in the field of environmental management, energy, and environmental protection. A systems approach views professional public accreditation of educational programs as a set of measures. They aim to ensure the compliance of educational programs with the requirements of professional standards and employers’ expectations. An institutional approach enabled to identify the subjective characteristics of the examined phenomenon. We also used methods of problem analysis, comparative analysis, data collection, and statistical processing. The result of the study is the established need to develop professional public accreditation of educational programs in the system of independent assessment of education quality, which would make it possible to estimate the significant characteristics of an educational program and to determine whether its implementation in a specific timespan is necessary. This study can contribute to the development of the specific practices of professional public accreditation of educational programs, including in the field of rational and sustainable use of natural resources, and it can facilitate the development of the legal, theoretical, and organizational foundations of this type of public activity.
The paper considers the issue of cooperation between Russia and other nations of the Arctic zone and legal regulation of the processes related to interaction between the countries in this region. The most important legal provisions of international conventions and bilateral agreements on the use of the Arctic in economic and business activities are analyzed. Methods of scientific cognition are applied to study the essential areas of legal regulation of various aspects of human life and activities in the Arctic. Important aspects of international activity in the Arctic region are studied, such as: determining territorial belonging of northern lands to one or another nation, dividing jurisdiction of individual countries according to the principles of international law and agreements made between the participants of natural resource management in the northern regions. The issues concerning division of the sea shelf between bordering countries are covered. Based on the implemented approaches, certain results were reached: collisions between various international regulatory enactments were detected, and possibilities of settling some legal aspects of activities of the countries located in the Arctic were determined. Possible options were considered for the processes related to the development of natural resources in the northern seas and territories. It was established that the activities of the countries belonging to the Arctic group can ensure positive outcomes for comprehensive development of northern territories only in case there is full cooperation based on equal rights of all the countries in this region, which calls for joint development of a system of legal acts and international agreements covering the most important aspects of the use of the advantages of the Arctic zone for further sustainable natural resource management.
Corruption is a multifaceted and multilevel phenomenon. History shows that it is inherent in any society, while its structure, scale, and dynamics are determined by political, social, and economic problems. Corruption is always socially significant, representing activities aimed at the distortion of normal social relations by criminalizing their content through public officials who use their authority for financial gain,
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