The effect of vibration on soil compaction has gained a good reputation when consolidating an artificially improved foundation. The studies aimed at analyzing the effect of the deep vibration on the properties of the compacted water-saturated soil have made it possible to establish that vibration can be an effective means of consolidation speeding-up. Vibration contributes to the emergence of additional excess pressures in the pore water; the filtration rate due to the increased pressure gradient increases as well. Consolidation speeding-up (soil compaction by squeezing out the pore water) is quite relevant. It is clear that consolidation speeding-up of foundation water-saturated soil is extremely important in site preparation for reducing site preparation time up to a period of a short summer. The study focuses on the mechanism of deep vibration (longitudinal mechanical waves) having an effect on water-saturated soil consolidation. The mechanism is based on the changed physical state of the medium and takes into account its structure. Two soil models have been proposed. The first one-parameter soil model is called a "sandwich (layercake)". The second two-parameter soil model is called a "loose sandwich". In here, the first model is a special case of the second one. Both parameters have simple physical significance. The study shows that according to the proposed mechanism, the effect of vibration on soil consolidation is reduced to redistribution of the relationship between the stress in soil skeleton and the pore pressure versus the value of "vibration pressure" in such a way that the pore pressure increases, nevertheless, cannot exceed the value of the external static load. The paper also presents the results of numerical calculations.
In designing beds on weak soils, the need arises for engineering measures with respect to bed preparation, one of which is improvement of the bed by installation of sand drains.Vertical cylindrical sand drains were first proposed in 1925 by D. Moran for the deep stabilization of weak soils.In our country, the method of accelerating consolidation of weak saturated clayey soils by sand drains was first employed on the construction site of the "Svir'-3 power plant in the years from 1930 through 1934. Later on, it had come into widespread use in the United States, and other countries.The most familiar experimental investigations concerning the consolidation of weak beds using vertical sand drains were conducted by Abelev [1] on an experimental section of Lake Sivash, and during the construction of a tank farm in the city of Al Faw (Iraq). The tests substantiated the expediency of vertical sand drains for weak saturated soils. Later on, large-scale studies of the effectiveness of different designs of the drains were conducted in Finland on four experimental sites with participation of the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures.In joint Russian-Finnish field experiments conducted by the Scientific-Research Institute of Foundations and Underground Structures in the 1980s in the Leningrad Oblast, the long-term performance of a different type of drain under the pressure of a sand fill was investigated at six experimental sites [2].Investigations of bed stabilization with use of vertical sand drains with a length of 15-21 m, diameter of 0.426 m, and spacing of 3.5-6.5 m were conducted during construction of port structures on marine slimes (Port of Il'ichevsk) [3]. The bed to be consolidated was comprised of a layer of slime 3-11 m thick, which was underlain by dense clays.In 1986, laboratory and field experiments [4] indicated the feasibility of plane sand drains to accelerate filtration consolidation.The consolidation of saturated peaty strata during their vertical drainage, and also the influence exerted by vibratory action on the consolidation of saturated peaty beds are investigated.. A new procedure is developed for the installation of sand drains. Technical characteristics of an experimental installation, and a process flow diagram of the installation of vertical drains are cited.
The search for ways of accelerating the preparation of bases on water-saturated boggy areas is an up-to-date problem and requires further scientific study. The conducted researches made it possible to establish that vibration can be an effective means of accelerating the consolidation of water-saturated soils of the bases. Using theoretical and experimental research, a method for numerical solution of the problem was developed.
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