Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most widely used polymer in the world. For the first time, the laser‐driven integration of aluminum nanoparticles (Al NPs) into PET to realize a laser‐induced graphene/Al NPs/polymer composite, which demonstrates excellent toughness and high electrical conductivity with the formation of aluminum carbide into the polymer is shown. The conductive structures show an impressive mechanical resistance against >10000 bending cycles, projectile impact, hammering, abrasion, and structural and chemical stability when in contact with different solvents (ethanol, water, and aqueous electrolytes). Devices including thermal heaters, carbon electrodes for energy storage, electrochemical and bending sensors show this technology's practical application for ultra‐robust polymer electronics. This laser‐based technology can be extended to integrating other nanomaterials and create hybrid graphene‐based structures with excellent properties in a wide range of flexible electronics’ applications.
The present article considers a comparative analysis of two elastomers, polyurethane (PUС) and organosilicon (OSC), both modified with 1.0-9.0 wt.% multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The MWCNTs-1 and MWCNTs-2 were synthesized through CVD method using Co-Mo/Al 2 O 3 -MgO and Fe-Co/ 2,1 Al 2 O 3 . The results obtained showed that the lowest bulk conductivity (5 Â 10 À10 S Â cm À1 ) was typical for PUC elastomer modified with 1 wt.% MWCNTs-2. As for OSC elastomer (modified with 9 wt.% MWCNTs-1), the lowest bulk conductivity was found to be 0.4 S Â cm À1 . The maximum temperature field uniformity was established for OSC elastomer modified with 7 wt.% MWCNTs-2, whereas in the modified PUC-based elastomer, the nonuniform temperature field took place. This might be caused by local MWCNTs entanglement manifested in the formation of agglomerates or a denser packing of conductive networks. The best combination of the polymer matrix and MWCNTs type was revealed. Finally, it was established that for electric heaters, it is the most efficient to employ OSC modified with 7 wt.% MWCNTs and use MWCNTs-1 or MWCNTs-2, depending on the feeding voltage level of 12 or 24 V. This study is of special importance in household purposes, clothing with built-in heating panels, car/tractor systems, minibus interiors, onboard thermal ventilation systems, clothing, and aircraft industries.
In the paper the authors identified seven key conceptual foundations of higher education based on the analysis of organizational and substantive features of networking, digitalization and on-lineization process of the Russian education system (NDORES), as a continuation of e-Learning development in the digital educational environment (DEE) and the results of the assessment of the Russian higher education readiness to the digital economy, obtained by N.V. Dneprovskoy. These include conceptual condition for the recognition of the leading role of the DEE in the system of science - culture - learner - intelligence for education subjects reflection development in human-machine systems and information society; optimization of continuous education concept on the basis of NDORES principles; directive change of educational process (EP) stereotypes in DEE; creation of a system of mandatory training and retraining of education subjects for daily learning and teaching activities in DEE; optimization, adaptation and digital transformation of the content of the main professional educational programs (MPEP) of training in the framework of existing and future Federal state educational standards of higher education (FSES HO); determination of effective motivational and value bases for communicative competence development of education the subjects in NDORES; changing legislative and policy approaches to the organization of NDORES, including provisions of the Labour code of the Russian Federation in the part concerning the rights and responsibilities of teachers carrying out their work in the context of DEE. The paper substantiates the demand for these conceptual foundations in the strategic and tactical directions of digitalization of higher education in the digital economy.
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