The aim of the research is to determine whether there are gender differences between younger school-age children, and whether those differences within the sub-sample are influenced by the state of mass and motor skills. The whole sample included 285 respondents age 7.27±0.43, of which 144 boys (50.52%), and 141 girls (49.48%) who attended the first grade on the territory of the Province of Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). The Eurofit battery of tests was used. The research results show that the prevalence of children with severe thinness in the whole sample is low 3.87%; children with normal mass 65.26%; pre-obese children only 18.59% and obese children only 12.28%, so that gender differences in motor skills considering the whole sample, apart from the mass, are between average values for boys considering explosive strength of the lower extremities, repetitive strength of the body and agility. Statistically significant differences within the sub-sample considering motor abilities were seen neither in boys nor in girls of different mass. The research findings show that there is significant percentage of children with normal mass and that the flow of their mass is within their growth and development. Their motor development within the sub-sample also flows equally, and gender differences are present because of differentiation of motor skills, which appears in this period. The authors think that greater differences and variables in respect to mass and motor activities are to be seen in the period of pre-puberty.
In order to answer the question of how to make education better in the society of the digital era, it is important to consider the attitudes and opinions of student teachers towards the characteristics of a quality school. For that purpose, the research was conducted whose goal was to determine the attitudes of students of teacher education faculties, student teachers, on the concept of a quality school as well as on the emancipatory role of students and teachers necessary for the work in a quality school. The research was conducted on a sample of 1,044 students of teacher education faculties in Serbia. The Likert scale of attitudes was applied in the research. The paper presents the results of research on the concept of a quality school that would lead every student to success. It was determined that the emancipatory role of students is best seen through the extent to which they are actively engaged in their own evaluation of their achievements; how much they prepare during their studies to accept the features of a more efficient conception of a school in which every student will succeed. The results provide a very reliable basis in modeling a quality school and effective teaching that would encourage students and lead them to success according to their individual abilities.
Универзитет у Новом Саду, Факултет спорта и физичког васпитања, Нови Сад, Република Србија Оригинални научни рад Разлике у мотивацији и физичком селф-концепту у односу на ниво физичке активности ученика млађег школског узраста Резиме: Одржавање квалитетне наставе физичког васпитања, каква је предвиђена наставним планом и програмом, свакодневно се сусреће са бројним проблемима и потешкоћама у реализацији. Важан предуслов да физичко васпитање заиста буде у функцији здравог одрастања и припреме ученика за активан животни стил јесте њихова пуна ангажованост и активност на часу физичког васпитања. Циљ овог истраживања био је утврђивање разлика у мотивацији и физичком селф-концепту ученика у односу на ниво њихове физичке активности на часу физичког васпитања. Истраживањем су обухваћена 423 ученика са територије града Ужица (старости 10±1,3 година), од чега 227 дечака и 196 девојчица, подељених у три групе према нивоу физичке активности на часу физичког васпитања (А -низак; Б -средњи; Ц -висок). За процену мотивационих оријентација ученика коришћен је модификовани Упитник саморегулације (енг. Self-Regulation Questionnaire) (Ryan
The research included the sample of 114 pre-school children aged 6 and 7, with average values of height (TV=123.23 cm ± 5.43) and weight (TT=24.53 kg ± 2.71). The children were divided into two groups: (E) experimental group (n=55), which had an additional programme of kinesiology activities lasting for 12 weeks, and (K) control group (n=59), which, apart from regular activities in physical education classes in the kindergarten did not have a programme of kinesiology activities. The aim of the research was to determine the latent structure of motor abilities before and after the application of kinesiology activities, and to determine the compatibility of factor saturation. Correlation was performed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and determination of the structure of motor activities was performed by factor analysis and by the method of principal components with bent promax rotation of isolated principal components. The Tucker index of saturation factor was used for determining the compatibility of isolated factors. Research results indicate that both in the initial and the final measurements of both tested groups, a two-dimensional structure of motor abilities was determined, consisting of coordination and strength, which could most appropriately be defined as one, general motor factor. The congruence between the isolated factors in E and K groups gained in the initial and final measurements shows that there are no differences in the structure of isolated factors. It can be concluded that motor functioning of children is still under the mechanism of structuring movement, so after the application of kinesiology activities the same factors remained, and quality changes in the structure of motor abilities have not been detected in the tested age.
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between morphological characteristics (body composition and anthropometric data) and gross motor coordination in preschool children (42 boys and 40 girls, aged 6.22 ± 0.43 years, height: 1.22 ± 0.48 m, body mass index: 20.22 ± 2.34 kg/m2, muscle mass: 11.50 ± 2.08 kg, and fat mass: 5.43 ± 4.02 kg). Motor coordination was determined by the obstacle course backward test (OCB), while body composition was measured using the bioelectrical impedance (BIA) method. Sex differences in the OCB test and body morphology were determined by an independent t-test. Multiple linear regression was used to examine whether morphological characteristics could predict OCB scores. Boys were significantly taller, with greater muscle mass, protein mass, and total body water compared to girls (t = 2.01–3.73, p < 0.05). Inversely, mineral mass was greater in girls than in boys (t = 2.98, p = 0.01). No significant sex differences were observed in the results obtained for the OCB test (t = 0.74, p = 0.46). All morphological variables showed trivial-to-weak (r = 0.01–0.15) associations with the OCB results, without reaching statistical significance (p ≤ 0.16). The model of predictor variables did not have a statistically significant effect on the OCB scores in boys and girls (R2 = 0.09, p = 0.91 and R2 = 0.012, p = 0.92, respectively). These results indicate that sex dimorphism in body composition is present at an early age before puberty, while morphological characteristics have a negligible influence on motor coordination in 6-year-old children.
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