The aim of the research is to determine whether there are gender differences between younger school-age children, and whether those differences within the sub-sample are influenced by the state of mass and motor skills. The whole sample included 285 respondents age 7.27±0.43, of which 144 boys (50.52%), and 141 girls (49.48%) who attended the first grade on the territory of the Province of Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). The Eurofit battery of tests was used. The research results show that the prevalence of children with severe thinness in the whole sample is low 3.87%; children with normal mass 65.26%; pre-obese children only 18.59% and obese children only 12.28%, so that gender differences in motor skills considering the whole sample, apart from the mass, are between average values for boys considering explosive strength of the lower extremities, repetitive strength of the body and agility. Statistically significant differences within the sub-sample considering motor abilities were seen neither in boys nor in girls of different mass. The research findings show that there is significant percentage of children with normal mass and that the flow of their mass is within their growth and development. Their motor development within the sub-sample also flows equally, and gender differences are present because of differentiation of motor skills, which appears in this period. The authors think that greater differences and variables in respect to mass and motor activities are to be seen in the period of pre-puberty.
Using complex training for developing strength is a method which is becoming more frequently used with athletes and one which is simply defined as a combination of heavier and lighter (pliometric) load within one series. The scientific study is is based upon the assumption that complex training has given positive results in the development of explosive strength of professional athletes. The methodical procedure included an overview of research on the affects of complex training done in the last twenty years and up to now, using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. The results of the reviewed studies mostly show that complex training has given positive effects with professional athletes, which were physically prepared.
Rotator cuff disease, external and internal impingement syndromes, low shoulder stability, various types of trauma, and overuse injuries are all related to sports activities. In order to check symptoms in patients with disability and shoulder pain, clinicians use different methods and diagnostic imaging assessment. The research is aimed at evaluating whether there is a difference between provocation function tests (PFT) and ultrasonographic (US) testing of muscles within the rotator cuff in elite collegiate athletes. Patients ( n = 184 ) were recruited from university team sports selections and tested with a standardized US examination of the shoulder and five PFTs (Speed’s test, Neer’s test, Hawkins test, lift-off test, Yergason’s test). Based on the VAS pain assessment scale, 60 subjects had some pain, which was taken for further processing in the work (124 subjects did not have the presence of pain and were excluded from further processing). The US examination was conducted using Voluson 730 apparatus, by a linear probe, with the frequency in the range of 6-12 MHz. The chi-square test showed significant differences between PFT and the occurrence of shoulder muscle tendinitis for the following variables: Speed’s test and subscapularis tendinitis ( p = 0.02 ) and Speed’s test and infraspinatus tendinitis ( p = 0.01 ); Neer test and biceps brachii caput longum tendinitis ( p = 0.01 ), Neer test and supraspinatus tendinitis ( p = 0.02 ) and Neer test and infraspinatus tendinitis ( p = 0.01 ); lift-off test and subscapularis tendinitis ( p = 0.05 ); and Yergason’s test and biceps brachii caput longum tendinitis ( p = 0.03 ) and Yergason’s test and subscapitis tendinitis ( p = 0.01 ). The greatest effect of differences was observed in Neer’s test and biceps brachii caput longum tendinitis ( φ = 0.60 ), while the other effects can be described as medium and small in most cases. It can be concluded that functional tests are good predictors of soft tissue changes in the muscles of the rotator cuff of the shoulder. Further monitoring and analysis are needed on a larger number of athletes.
SažetakCilj istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi da li postoji statistički značajna razlika u motoričkim sposobnostima učenika viših razreda OŠ "Ivo Lola Ribar" iz Sombora. Uzorak ispitanika je činilo 166 učenika koji pohađaju nastavu od petog do osmog razreda, a bili su podeljeni u četiri grupe na osnovu uzrasta: 11 godina (N=46), 12 godina (N=41), 13 godina (N=37), 14 godina (N=42). Za procenu motoričkih sposobnosti je primenjena baterija od 8 motoričkih testova.Multivarijantnom analizom varijanse (MANOVA) je utvrđeno da postoji statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika uzrasta 11 do 14 godina za ceo uzorak varijabli koje ukazuju na nivo motoričkih sposobnosti (P=0,00). Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika između ispitanika u brzini trčanja, brzini frekvencije pokreta, eksplozivnoj snazi nogu, koordinaciji, statičkoj snazi ruku i ramenog pojasa u korist ispitanika starijeg uzrasta. Uočen je linearni trend rasta motoričkih sposobnosti u svim analiziranim varijablama koji je u skladu sa uzrastom ispitanika.
The aim of the study was to analyze if there is a connection between some anthropometric measrements and a test for assessing aerobic ability in footballers of different age categories. 65 players were subjected to these measurements, of which 25 players aged 13-14 years (pioneers); 20 players aged 15-16 years (cadets) and 20 players aged 17-18 years (juniors). By using standard anthropometric instruments, body height, body weight, median volume of the chest and aerobic endurance were measured using a 20m “shuttle run” test. Using linear regression analysis, it was found that there is no statistically significant effect of anthropometric variables on a variable (20m “shuttle run”) of all three age players. In these ages, obviously some other characteristics have more influence on the manifestation of aerobic ability. The results of the research can be used by experts in the field of sports in further planning and organizing training contents
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