Sugarcane is a hybrid of Saccharum officinarum and Saccharum spontaneum, with minor contributions from other species in Saccharum and other genera. Understanding the molecular basis of cell wall metabolism in sugarcane may allow for rational changes in fiber quality and content when designing new energy crops. This work describes a comparative expression profiling of sugarcane ancestral genotypes: S. officinarum, S. spontaneum and S. robustum and a commercial hybrid: RB867515, linking gene expression to phenotypes to identify genes for sugarcane improvement. Oligoarray experiments of leaves, immature and intermediate internodes, detected 12,621 sense and 995 antisense transcripts. Amino acid metabolism was particularly evident among pathways showing natural antisense transcripts expression. For all tissues sampled, expression analysis revealed 831, 674 and 648 differentially expressed genes in S. officinarum, S. robustum and S. spontaneum, respectively, using RB867515 as reference. Expression of sugar transporters might explain sucrose differences among genotypes, but an unexpected differential expression of histones were also identified between high and low Brix° genotypes. Lignin biosynthetic genes and bioenergetics-related genes were up-regulated in the high lignin genotype, suggesting that these genes are important for S. spontaneum to allocate carbon to lignin, while S. officinarum allocates it to sucrose storage. Co-expression network analysis identified 18 transcription factors possibly related to cell wall biosynthesis while in silico analysis detected cis-elements involved in cell wall biosynthesis in their promoters. Our results provide information to elucidate regulatory networks underlying traits of interest that will allow the improvement of sugarcane for biofuel and chemicals production.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11103-016-0434-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Abundant evidence exists to support a role for lignin as an important element in biomass recalcitrance. However, several independent studies have also shown that factors apart from lignin are also relevant and overall, the relative importance of different recalcitrance traits remains in dispute. In this study we used two genetically distant sugarcane genotypes, and performed a correlational study with the variation in anatomical parameters, cell wall composition, and recalcitrance factors between these genotypes. In addition we also tracked alterations in these characteristics in internodes at different stages of development. Significant differences in the development of the culm between the genotypes were associated with clear differential distributions of lignin content and composition that were not correlated with saccharification and fermentation yield. Given the strong influence of the environment on lignin content and composition, we hypothesized that sampling within a single plant could allow us to more easily interpret recalcitrance and changes in lignin biosynthesis than analysing variations between different genotypes with extensive changes in plant morphology and culm anatomy. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was higher in the oldest internode of the modern genotype, but S/G ratio was not correlated with enzymatic hydrolysis yield nor fermentation efficiency. Curiously we observed a strong positive correlation between ferulate ester level and cellulose conversion efficiency. Together, these data support the hypothesis that biomass enzymatic hydrolysis recalcitrance is governed by a quantitative heritage rather than a single trait.
Objetivou-se avaliar as características agronômicas do girassol em sistema de consórcio com forrageiras adotando-se o sistema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos do girassol em monocultivo e em consórcio com as forrageiras (girassol + Urochloa ruziziensis, girassol + Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, girassol + Cajanus cajan e girassol + Urochloa ruziziensis + Cajanus cajan). Ao final do ciclo da cultura, as características avaliadas na área útil de cada parcela experimental foram: altura de plantas (AP), diâmetro da haste (DH) e o diâmetro do capítulo (DC). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias dos tratamentos comparadas pelo teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As características que apresentaram diferenças estatísticas foram a altura de plantas e o diâmetro do capítulo com maiores valores para o consórcio do girassol com o Cajanus cajan, possivelmente, pelo fato de ser uma leguminosa, que em associação com bactérias nitrificadoras liberam ao solo níveis de nitrogênio que podem favorecer as plantas associadas. O consórcio do girassol com o Cajanus cajan é viável para sistema ILP.
Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o desempenho do girassol em sistema de consórcio com e sem aplicação de graminicida. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2x2+1, tendo o girassol solteiro como testemunha e o consórcio deste com a Urochloa ruziziensis e o Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia semeados simultaneamente com e sem aplicação de graminicida, com quatro repetições. Foram realizadas coletas quinzenais de cinco plantas de girassol por parcela a partir dos trinta dias após a emergência (DAE) até a maturação plena, para determinação da altura de plantas (AP), diâmetro da haste (DH), número de folhas (NF) e área foliar (AF) e, no final do ciclo, foi avaliada a produtividade de aquênios. Os dados de desempenho foram submetidos à análise de regressão e teste Dunnett a 5% de probabilidade para a produtividade. O consórcio com as gramíneas não prejudica o desempenho do girassol e o uso de graminicidas favorece o DH e o NF. A produtividade do girassol varia com os consórcios, sendo o Panicum maximum o que mais compete com o girassol mesmo com a aplicação do graminicida. A utilização do graminicida nas plantas consortes promove menores perdas de produtividade do girassol.
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